Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy YBOD 200 > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular tube running between the pharynx and the stomach

A

Oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The oesophagus begins where and end where?

A

AT level C6 and ends at the cardiac opening of the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Relation of the oesophagus to the thoracic aorta

A

Moves anteriorly and to the left as it approaches diaphragm
- Crossing from the right of the thoracic aorta
- Final position is anterior to the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

at which level does it pass through the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Posterior mediastinum (Relations)

A

Anterior
- Trachea superior to bifurcation
- Right pulmonary artery and left main bronchus (Inferiorly)
- Posterior to left atrium
Left – Thoracic aorta
Right – Parietal pleura

Posterior
- Thoracic duct and azygos, hemi-azygos and accessory veins
- Posterior intercostal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

constriction sites oesophagus.

A

Junction of the oesophagus with the pharynx
Crossing of arch of the aorta in superior mediastinum
Crossing of left main bronchus in posterior mediastinum
Oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

arterial supply of the oesophagus are ?

A

bronchial arteries
thoracic aorta
left gastric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

venous draining

A

azygos vein, hemi-azygos and accessory hemi azygos veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lymphatic drainage

A

posterior mediastinal and left gastric node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The innervation of the oesophagus?

A

from vagus and sympathetic trunks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

innervation of the superior striated fibers by

A

brachial afferent from the vagus nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

smooth muscle fibers by

A

Parasympathetic part of autonomic division of peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sensory innervation by visceral afferent fibres from

A

Vagus nerves, sympathetic trunks and splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Innervation (Oesophageal plexus)

A

Spread of branches from vagus nerves
- Fibres converge to form 2 trunks
Anterior vagal trunk (Mainly left vagus)
- Anterior surface of the oesophagus
Posterior vagal trunk (Mainly right vagus)
- Posterior surface of the oesophagus
Trunks continue through diaphragm to supply the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The most dilated part of the gastrointerstinal tract?

A

Stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stomach lies within 3 abdominal regions
name these 3 region

A

Epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stomach is divided into 4 parts.

A

cardia-Surrounds opening of oesophagus in stomach
fundus-Area above the level of cardial orifice
body-Largest region of the stomach
pylorus-Pyloric antrum and canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the most dilated part of the stomach

A

Pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pylorus is makrked by?

A

pyloric constrition
Contains a thickened ring of circular muscle (Pyloric sphincter)
- Sphincter surrounds pyloric orifice at distal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pylorus office lies at the level of ?

A

level of L1-transpyloris line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The stomach has 2 curvature that give it shape.

A

Greater curvature-
attachment for gastrosplenic ligament and greater omentum with transverse colon.

lesser curvature-
attachment of lesser omentum-with liver.

cardiac notch- superior angle at which esophagus entering stomach.

22
Q

arterial supply of the stomuch

A

Left gastric artery from Coeliac trunk
Right gastric artery from Proper hepatic artery
Left gastro-omental artery from Splenic artery
Right gastro-omental artery from Gastroduodenal artery

23
Q

The longest part of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Small intestines

24
Q

the content of the small intestine.

A

Extends from the pyloric orifice to ileocoecal fold
- Approximately 6m to 7m long
- Narrow throughout its course
Made up of the duodenum, ileum and jejunum

25
Duodenum
C-shaped structure made up of 4 parts - In relation to the head of the pancreas
26
The first part of duodenum
First part starts at the pyloric orifice the run horizontally to the right along the superior head of the pancreas. Extends from pyloric orifice to gallbladder neck Lies at the level of L1 Runs anteriorly over - Common bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
27
First part is connected to the liver via ?
hepatoduodenal ligament - It is a part of the lesser omentum
28
second part of duodenum
descend vertically lateral to the pancreas. It extends from the gallbladder neck to inferior border of L3
29
structures related to the sec part
Its anterior surface is crossed by the transverse colon Right kidney is found on its posterior surface Head of the pancreas is found on its medial surface It contains the major duodenal papilla (Common bile and pancreatic ducts) - Minor duodenal papilla may be present for accessory pancreatic duct
30
Duodenum (Third part)
run horizontally to the left from L3 border along the inferior head of pancreas. Longest section of the duodenum Crosses the IVC, aorta and vertebral column Crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric artery.
31
Duodenum (Fourth part)
Passes upwards on or to the left of aorta - Approximately at the level of L2 Terminates at the duodenojejunal junction Duodenojejunal junction is surrounded by a peritoneal fold - Fold contains suspensory ligament
32
Jejunum
Lies mostly in the left upper quadrant Has a large diameter and thick walls Inner mucosal lining has numerous prominent folds that circle the lumen (Plicae circulares)
33
Ileum
It represents the distal 3/5 of small intestines Mostly in the right lower quadrant Has a thin wall Inner mucosal lining has fewer and less prominent folds than the jejunum (Plicae circulares)
34
Ileum opens into the large intestine Where ?
The caecum and ascending colon meet
35
2 flap of ileum project into large intestine lumen
Called Ileocaecal folds and surround an opening
36
Musculature of the ileum continues into the flaps
Musculature of the ileum continues into the flaps - To create a sphincter around the opening - Called the ileocaecal valve
37
Large intestines
Extends from the distal end of the ileum to anus Absorbs fluids and salts from gut contents - To create faeces
38
Large intestines Consists
- Caecum, appendix, colon, rectum and the anus Begins in right inguinal region as the caecum, with its appendix - Continues as the ascending colon - Through right lateral region, to terminate at the right hypochondrium
39
Ascending colon
terminates at right colic flexure - Flexes to the left, to cross abdomen as transverse colon
40
Transvere colon
terminates at the left hypochondrium - At the left colic flexure, to continue as descending colon
41
Descending colon
runs through left lateral and inguinal regions - It enters upper pelvic area as the sigmoid colon
42
Sigmoid colon
continues on posterior pelvic wall as the rectum - It terminates as the anal canal
43
summary
Begins at the cecum to the liver but not beyond it but run horizontaly to the right to create corner / flection / heptic flexure then continuen as transvece colon to meet the spleen then curve / colic flexure Then descend till the illium then create a S shape (sigmoid colon) them medially to the true pelvic
44
Large intestine has............. along the length of colon.
omental appendices.
45
3 narrow bands (Taeniae coli) found along colon
- Create sacculations of the colon (Haustra-folds in the Large inte..bends they pull the LI then forms sich glamds)
46
Caecum
Caecum is the first part of large intestine - Found inferior to ileocaecal opening Caecum is continuous with the ascending colon - At the entrance of the ileum
47
appendix
is a blind-ended tube connect to the caecum - It is suspended from terminal ileum by mesoappendix - It contains the appendicular vessels
48
Appendix location is variable, may be
- Posterior to caecum (Retrocaecal) - Suspended over pelvic brim (Pelvic) - Below the caecum (Subcaecal) - Anterior to terminal ileum (Pre-ileal)
49
the Ascending and descending colons are .....
retroperitoneal/ immobile - can not not move directly visible after one opens the peritoneal cavity, but they are fixed to the back wall, thus they are not fixed to the abdominal wall
50
Transverse and sigmoid colons are
intraperitoneal- mobile/ moves not fixes agaist the abdominal wall.
51
The right colic flexure/ Hepatic flexure transition s which colons
ascending to the transverse colon suspended via hepatocolic ligament.
52
The left colic flexure transition which colons and suspended via which ligament
from descending colon to sigmoid colon via phenocolic ligament

Anatomy YBOD 200 (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions