Joints and vertebral column Part II Flashcards
Posterior surface of anterior arch of C1 articulates with what?
Dens of C2
C2 is Held in position posteriorly by
transverse
ligament of atlas
Superolateral surfaces OF C2
circular
impressions for alar ligaments (connect
dens to medial surfaces of occipital
condyles)
Anterior surface Articulates with what?
oval facet for
articulation with anterior arch of atlas
A. HOW MANY SACRAL
B. Location of sacral
C. Fused into a single bone call?
D. Shape
E. articuales with?
F. Facets and articualtes with
G. what does the anterior and posterior have?
H. what does the foramina contains?
A. Number: 5
B. Location: Inferior to lumbar vertebrae C. Fused into single bone: Sacrum
D. Triangular shape. Concave anterior surface and convex posterior surface
E. Articulates above with L5 vertebra and below with coccyx
F. Large L-shaped facets on each lateral surface for
articulation with pelvic bones
G. Anterior and posterior surfaces have four pairs of sacral
H. foramina: passage of anterior and posterior rami (S1-S4 nerves)
A. how many coccygeal
B. Location
C. Fused into a what?
D. articulates with?
E. what the coccygeal dont have?
A. Number: 3-4
B. Location: Inferior to sacrum
C. Fused into single small triangular bone: Coccyx
D. Articulates with inferior end of sacrum
- Small size
E. No vertebral arches or vertebral canal
List the vertebral joints
- Intervertebral joint
- Zygapophysial joint
- Uncovertebral joint
A. What is the intervertebral joint?
B. Which cartilage is found in intervertebral joints and what name of the disc?
C. Name two parts of intervertebral disc.
A. Symphysis between vertebral bodies
B. Layer of hyaline cartilage on each body and intervertebral disc between hyaline layers
C. Intervertebral disc
- Outer anulus fibrosus
- Central nucleus pulposus
Degenerative changes in annulus fibrousus can lead?
Herniation of nucleus pulposus
Posterolateral herniation can impinge on roots of?
Spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen
Plane type synovial joints between vertebral arches
Zygapophysial joint
Zygapophysial joint Formed by the articulation of what?
Superior articular process articulates with inferior an articular process on adjacent vertebrae.
What are uncinate processes?
: Elevated crests on lateral
margins of upper surfaces of typical cervical
vertebrae
What are uncinate processes?
: Elevated crests on lateral
margins of upper surfaces of typical cervical
vertebrae
Uncinate processes articulates with?
body of vertebra above
Name the movements that vertebral joints bring?
Include flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation, and circumduction.
Movement by vertebrae in a specific region determined by.
Shape and orientation of joint surfaces
In cervical region, the zygapophysial joints bring about which movements?
Zygapophysial joints slope inferiorly, facilitating flexion and extension.
In thoracic region zygapophysial joints bring about which movements?
Zygapophysial joints oriented vertically, limiting flexion and extension, but facilitating rotation.
In Lumbar region the zygapophysial joints bring about which movements?
Zygapophysial joint curved and processes interlock, limiting range of movement, but flexion and extension are still major movements.
The vertebral joints are reinforced and supported by what?
Ligaments
The ligaments pass between what and connects what in the vertebral
Passes between the vertebral bodies and connect the components of vertebral arches.
List the ligaments of the vertebral column.
Interspinous ligaments
Ligamentum nuchae
Supraspinous ligaments
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
Ligamenta flava
- The liagementa flava passes where?
- Structure of ligamenta flava
- Forms what?
- Run between?
- Laminae of adjacent vertebrae on each side
- Thin, broad and consist mostly of elastic tissue
- Form part of posterior surface of vertebral canal
- Run between posterior surface of lamina on vertebra below to anterior surface of lamina of vertebra above
Where do we find anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments?
- Anterior and posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
- Extend along most of vertebral column
- Attached to vertebral bodies & intervertebral discs along their length
List 3 ligaments under anterior and posterior ligaments, and where do we find them?
- Anterior ligament - Base of skull to anterior surface of sacrum
- Posterior ligament - Lines anterior surface of vertebral canal
- Tectorial membrane - Upper part of posterior ligament - Connects C2 to intracranial aspect of base of skull.
Where does the supraspinous ligament found?
- Passes along tips of vertebral spinous processes
- Extends from C7 to sacrum
The continuous part of supraspinous ligament and extend from where to where?
Ligamentum nuchae
Extend from C7 to skull
Structural distinct the ligamentum nuchae from supraspinous ligament
- Triangular, sheet-like structure in median sagittal plan
In ligamentum nuchae Where does the base, apex, and deep side attach to?
- Base attached to skull: from external occipital protuberance to foramen magnum
- Apex attached to tip of C7 spinous process
- Deep side attached to posterior tubercle of C1 vertebra and spinous processes of other cervical vertebrae
The interspinous ligament passes where?
- Pass between adjacent vertebral spinous processes
The interspinous ligament attaches where and blends where?
- Attach from base to apex of each process
- Blend with supraspinous ligament posteriorly and ligamenta flava anteriorly
What type of joint is Atlanto-occipital joint?
Ellipsoid type of synovial joint
Function of atlantooccipital joint?
Allows head to nod up and down
The atlanto-occipital joint is found where?
Between lateral masses (superior articular surfaces) of atlas articulate and occipital condyles of skull
Ligaments of atlanto-occipital joints?
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
- Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
The atlanto-axial joint is made up of 3 synovial joints list them and explain.
1-Median atlanto-axial joint: Pivot joint (Between anterior arch of atlas and dens of axis)
- 2 Lateral atlanto-axial joints: Plane joints (Between lateral masses [inferior articular surfaces] of atlas and superior articular processes of axis)
The ligaments in the atlanto-axial joint.
- Tectorial membrane
- Alar ligaments
- Apical ligament of dens
- Cruciform ligament
What type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint, and where is located?
- Saddle type synovial joint
- Between proximal end of clavicle and clavicular notch of manubrium of sternum
- Small part of 1st costal cartilage involved
The sternoclavicular joint is reinforced by?
Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
- Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
- Interclavicular ligament
- Costoclavicular ligament
The sternoclavicular joint articulation is separated by what and movements its allow.
- Articular cavity separated by articular disc
- Allows elevation, depression, protraction, retraction and some rotation
The type of synovial joint and the location and the movement of Acromioclavicular joint.
Plane type synovial joint
* Between medial surface of acromion and acromial end of clavicle
* Allows elevation, depression, protraction, retraction and some rotation
Acromioclavicular is reinforced by?
Acromioclavicular ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament (strong accessory ligament)
The type of synovial joint, the location and movement of shoulder (Glenohumeral joint).
- Ball and socket type synovial joint
- Between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula * Multiaxial with a wide range of movements
- Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction
The joints stability of shoulder joints is provided by?
surrounding muscle tendons, related bony processes, and extracapsular ligaments.
The shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint is reinforced by?
Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligament
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Transverse humeral ligament
Types of synovial joint, articulation and movement of elbow jounts.
- Hinge type synovial joint
- Two separate articulations:
- Between trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
- Between head of radius and capitulum of humerus
- Allows flexion and extension
The elbow joint is reinforced by.
- Medial/Ulnar collateral ligament (Anterior, posterior and transverse parts)
- Lateral/Radial collateral ligament
Proximal radio-ulnar joint,
Type of synovial joint, location, movement, surrounded b what and reinforced by what.
- Pivot type synovial joint
- Between head of radius and radial notch of ulna
- Allows pronation and supination
- Surrounded by same joint capsule as elbow joint
- Reinforced by annular ligament
Distal radio-ulnar joint
Type of synovial joint, location, movement, name of a disc present and reinforced by what.
- Pivot type synovial joint
- Between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
- Allows pronation and supination
- Fibrous articular disc present - Further connects radius and ulna together - Separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint
- Reinforced by anterior and posterior distal radioulnar ligaments
What is interosseous membrane?
Thin fibrous sheet that connects medial border of radius and lateral border of ulna.
What does the interosseous membrane provide?
Provides attachment for muscles in anterior and posterior forearm compartments.
Inferior to radial tuberosity:
Small circular aperture:
Inferior to radial tuberosity
Distal third
Types of synovial joint, articulation and movement of wrist joint.
- Ellipsoid type synovial joint
- Between distal end of radius and articular disc (overlying distal end of ulna) and scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum
- Allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
The wrist joint is reinforced by?
- Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
- Palmar and dorsal ulnocarpal ligaments
- Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Types of synovial joint, articulation and movement of carpometacarpal joints.
- Between metacarpals and related distal row of carpal bones (5 joints)
- Saddle type synovial joint - Between metacarpal 1 and trapezium (thumb) - Allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Plane type synovial joint - Between metacarpals 2 to 5 and carpal bones - Allow limited gliding movements
