Unit 3.2 - Neurotransmitters Flashcards
What are neuroglia cells (glial cells)?
They are cells that do not have an action potential or same neurological relay info as neutrons. They are support cells.
What are the three types of neuroglia cells?
There is ependymal, oligodendrocyte, astrocyte.
What does an ependymal cells do?
It secretes cerebral spinal fluid and cushions nervous system. It lines the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain. It protects and enhances the nervous system.
What do oligodendrocyte do?
They support and hold neurons in place by insulating axon with myelin sheath. These cells are larger and help make the structure of the nervous system.
What are astrocytes?
They link neurons to the blood flow. They supply nutrients, oxygen, glucose, and take away waste, They are plentiful.
What are neurotransmitters?
They are synaptic chemicals. They are either excitatory or inhibitory.
What is an excitatory? What does an inhibitory?
Excitatory make the charge in an neuron positive, by having Na+ come out, and then repolarization to occur.
Inhibitory makes the charge negative, pushing it away from AP.
What does glutamate do?
It is the most abundant neurotransmitter, it is an excitatory. It helps with structure and firing in brain, specifically with enhancing learning and memory.
What does gamma-Aminobutyric acid do (GABA)?
It is the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter. It prevents an action potential from occurring. It is known to decrease anxiety and stress. It is involved with brain function and sleep.
What does serotonin do?
It is both an excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter. It produces a balanced emotional state; it is involved in mood and sleep, arousal and digestion (suppressed appetite).
What does acetylcholine do?
It is an excitatory. It is involved with muscle movement and arousal and memory. It causes jitteriness if low. It causes increased arousal and cognition.
What does norepinephrine do?
It is causes physical arousal, either fight or flight. It increases alertness, arousal, and supresses appetite.
What does dopamine do?
It is involved with pleasure and motivation, sleep, and learning. Increases pleasure, can suppress appetite. Increased amounts could lead to schizophrenia, smaller amounts can lead to Parkinson’s disease.
What do endorphins do?
They are inhibitor and suppress pain signals. They create euphoria and numbs pain.
What is included in the runner’s package?
Dopamine, norepinenephrine, endorphins.
