Unit 1.1 - Parents of Psychology

Question 1

What are the schools of psychology?

Answer 1

Schools of Philosophy and Schools of Physiology

Question 2

What is the first type of philosophy time period that influenced the creation psychology?

Answer 2

Ancient Greece Philosphy

Question 3

Who are the two individuals from Ancient Greece who contributed to psychology?

Answer 3

Aristotle and Platos

Question 4

What psychology topics Aristotle and Platos debate about?

Answer 4

Nature of Learning and Nature of the Mind and Virtue and Memories

Question 5

What did Aristotle mean when he spoke about virtue? What exactly is virtue?

Answer 5

He believed virtues to be the moderations of characteristics. Virtue is the middle of two extremes.

Question 6

What is the second time period that influenced the creation of psychology?

Answer 6

The Renaissance and Enlightenment

Question 7

What idea did Francis Bacon promote ?

Answer 7

Promoted the idea of empiricism

Question 8

What is empiricism and what did lay the structures of?

Answer 8

Empiricism is the idea that you cannot know something from simply thinking about it, you must experience it. This laid the structures for the scientific method.

Question 9

What idea did Rene Descartes promote?

Answer 9

Promoted the idea of dualism.

Question 10

What is dualism?

Answer 10

Dualism is from a Christian viewpoint, that the body and mind are separate. The mind/spirit continues after death as they are separate from the body. “I think, therefore I am” (mind exists)
This idea was rejected.

Question 11

What did John Locke promote?

Answer 11

He promoted the idea of tabula rasa.

Question 12

What is tabula rasa?

Answer 12

It is the idea that we are born as blank slates, and our personality and attitude is shaped by life and experiences.

Question 13

What did Buddhism philosophy promote?

Answer 13

Mindfulness, Emotional Attachments, Unmasking emotions

Question 14

What is mindfulness?

Answer 14

Being present in the moment, helps with mental health

Question 15

What is emotional attachment?

Answer 15

People develop emotional attachments to people, places, things, and this influences people’s decisions and motivations.

Question 16

What is Indigenous philosophy about?

Answer 16

Indigenous philosophy is becoming more recognized. it is about consciousness, dreams, qualitative, learning via hands and someone who you respect. Theories on resilience as they were marginalized.

Question 17

What four scientists contributed to the physiological influence on psychology?

Answer 17

Charles Darwin, Francis Galton, Herman Helmholtz, and Gustav Fechner

Question 18

What did Charles Darwin promote?

Answer 18

He promoted adaptive behaviour and familial traits.

Question 19

What is adaptive behaviour?

Answer 19

He believed traits and attitude can be adaptive based on the context we are living in.

Question 20

What did Francis Galton promote?

Answer 20

Applied Darwin’s work to humans. Believed human traits varied and ran in families such as intelligence, which laid the groundwork to understand individual differences.

Question 21

Who is Herman Helmholtz and what did he promote?

Answer 21

He was a German atheist and thus was not swayed by spirituality. He made his students take an atheist oath to ensure they do the same. He believed in biological determination and mechanical causes to things such as personality, love, free choices, etc.

Question 22

Who is Gustav Fechner and what did he promote?

Answer 22

Unlike Helmholtz, he was religiously conflicted. He believed in a divine reality (trees, lakes had spirits, free choice). However, he saw mechanical causes behind things as well. Promoted the idea of “Day and Night”

Question 23

What does the idea of “Day and Night” refer to?

Answer 23

Day refers to spirituality and harmony whilst night is a mechanical place with no love.