Unit 2 - Growth Hormone

Question 1

What is the chemical name of growth hormone?

Answer 1

somatotropin

Question 2

What is the chemical nature of growth hormone?

Answer 2

it is a 191 amino acid long protein

Question 3

What gland secretes growth hormone?

Answer 3

the anterior pituitary

Question 4

Aside from the anterior pituitary, what other tissue is capable of secreting growth hormone?

Answer 4

mammary glands in cats, dogs and humans

Question 5

What are the two main functions of growth hormone?

Answer 5

it indirectly promotes growth and directly mobilizes fuels during starvation

Question 6

What is the indirect action of growth hormone also known as?

Answer 6

anabolic action

Question 7

How does growth hormone work on promoting growth?

Answer 7

GH stimulates the liver to secrete IGF-1 which then stimulates growth

Question 8

What specifically does IGF-1 stimulate?

Answer 8

lipogenesis, protein synthesis, cell multiplication, cell enlargement, and the deposition of the extracellular matrix

Question 9

Explain anti-insulin GH actions.

Answer 9

growth hormone enhances lipolysis by adipose tissues and muscle by reducing insulin sensitivity; insulin does the opposite

Question 10

What is the end-result of anti-insulin GH actions?

Answer 10

increased blood glucose concentration

Question 11

What are gigantism and acromegaly?

Answer 11

hypersomatotropism - excess secretion of growth hormone

Question 12

What factor decides whether gigantism or acromegaly will occur?

Answer 12

whether or not the physes have closed

Question 13

If the physes have not closed will gigantism or acromegaly occur?

Answer 13

gigantism

Question 14

If the physes have closed, will gigantism or acromegaly occur?

Answer 14

acromegaly

Question 15

What is pituitary dwarfism?

Answer 15

congenital hyposomatotropism

Question 16

What causes pituitary dwarfism?

Answer 16

it can be inherited or aqcuired or as a consequence of prolonged administration of glucocorticoids

Question 17

Why can a treatment in progestins in older bitches lead to acromegaly?

Answer 17

progestins can induce iatrogenic acromegaly because the synthetic progestins cause cells within the mammary gland to abnormally produce and secrete GH

Question 18

Why can a treatment in progestins in older bitches lead to secondary diabetes mellitus?

Answer 18

GH interferes with insulin intra-cellular signaling which can cause an increase in blood glucose concentration

Question 19

Is the pork meat from animals regularly supplemented with porcine GH healthy for human consumption?

Answer 19

It is currently illegal so I would say yes(still don’t know the actual answer)

Question 20

Is the use of the recombinant bST for increasing cow milk productino legal in the US and Canada?

Answer 20

it is legal in the united states but not in canada