Microscopic Anatomy of Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the function of the vomero nasal organ?
chemoreception of liquid borne substances, sexual behavior, maternal instinct, fetal interaction with amniotic fluid
Where is the vomero nasal organ located?
in the mucosa of the ventral portion of the nasal septum
What is the structure of the vomero nasal organ?
crescent shaped, tubular, blind-ended, and paired with endothelial ducts
How is the vomero nasal organ supported?
with hyaline cartilages
What does the vomero nasal organ open into?
the incisive ducts which ends as the incisive papilla
What type of cells does the medial epithelium of the vomero nasal organ have?
neuro-sensory cells, sustentacular cells, and basal cells
How does the muco-ciliary escalator function?
the cilia beat in one direction to move the mucous towards the pharynx (forward power stroke)
How to the cilia get back into position for the muco-ciliary escalator to function?
they have a backward recovery stroke
What is the prominent cell organelle in the muco-ciliary escalator and what is its function?
the mitochondria to power it
What is the structure of the cilia?
9 + 2 microtubule arrangement: 2 microtubules in the middle, 9 microtubules on the outside
What binds to the outside microtubules?
nexin
What is primary cilia dyskinesia?
a defect in the muco-ciliary escalator
What are common indications that a patient has primary cilia dykinesia?
respiratory and middle ear infections, situs inversus totalis, situs ambiguous, reproductive failures
What causes primary cilia dyskinesia?
there is a defect in genes coding for the dynein protein - autosomal recessive genetic order
What are the regions of the pharynx?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
What is dorsal displacement of the soft palate?
the soft palate pushes up against the nasopharynx disallowing proper respiration
What is laryngeal hemiplegia?
the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged in some way causig all of the muscles except the cricothyroideus to function properly
What type of epithelium make up the nasopharynx and the larynx?
TRE
What are the lamina propria mucosae of the the nasopharynx and larynx made up of?
loose connective tissue and sero mucus glands
Except for the oral part and the tip of the epiglottis, what type of epithelium is the epiglottis and vocal folds made up of?
non-keratinized stratified squamous
What type of glands are in the epiglottis and vocal folds?
none
What type of cartilage is the epiglottis and the vocal folds made up of?
elastic cartilage
What type of epithelium is in the trachea?
TRE
What type of epithelium is in the bronchi?
TRE
What type of epithelium is in the bronchiole?
ciliated simple columnar to cuboidal
What type of epithelium is in the terminal bronchioles?
ciliated cuboidal cells (club cells)
What type of epithelium is in the alveoli?
squamous
What is the trachea made up of?
c-shaped hyaline cartilage, trachealis muscle, longitudinal elastic fibers, sero-mucous glands, loose connective tissue
What is the hyaline cartilage in the trachea made up of?
chondrocytes, matrixx, and type II collagen fibers
What happens if the cartilage in the trachea is defective?
collapsing trachea increasing the airway resistance
What is the microscopic anatomy of the bronchii?
cartilage in plates and pieces, goblet cells, glands, and smooth muscle
What is the microscopic anatomy of the bronchiole?
sometimes goblet cells, smooth muscle, no glands or cartilage
What is the function of club cells?
secrete glycosaminoglycan and metabolize xenobiotics; act as a stem cell
