Unit 2 - Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
What is diabetes mellitus?
an endocrine insulin related disorder
Which species of domestic animals will you most likely see diabetes mellitus in?
dogs and cats
What are the most common causes of diabetes mellitus in domestic animals?
insulin deficiency or diminished response to insulin
What are the types of diabetes mellitus in humans?
Type I (juvenile) and Type II (adult onset)
What causes human type I diabetes mellitus?
the destruction of beta cells leading to low levels of insulin
Is human type I diabetes mellitus insulin dependent or independent?
insulin dependent
Characterise type II diabetes mellitus.
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus which is a combined alteration of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion
What are the ypes of diabetes mellitus in dogs?
hypoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic
What is hypoinsulinemic diabetes mellitus analogus to in humans?
Type I
What are the clinical signs of hypoinsulinemic diabetes mellitus?
differing degrees of ketosis
What is often associated with hyperinsulinemic diabetes mellitus?
elevated level of growth hormone with mild clinical signs
What is the most common type of diabetes mellitus in dogs?
hypoinsulinemic
What is the most common type of diabetes mellitus in cats?
an analog to type II in humans; decrease in insulin sensitivity and altered insulin secretion
What are the common signs of DM in dogs?
Cataracts, weight loss, depression, ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, ketonuria, glucouria, polyuria, cystitis, hepatomegaly, polydipsia, and anorexia
What happens in the absence of insulin?
fuel breakdown in the liver, muscles, and adipose predominates, yielding elevated levels of glucose, ketoacids, amino acids, and free fatty acids
