Fish Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Why are dwarf males so small?

A

because all they are good for is providing sperm

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2
Q

What are the basic classifications of reproductive strategies?

A

live bearers, egg layers with no parental care, and egg layers with parental care

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3
Q

What are the types of egg layers with no parental care?

A

type 1 egg scatters, type 2 egg scatters without diapause, and type 2 with diapause and annual

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4
Q

What is diapause?

A

a period of suspended development

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5
Q

What are the types of egg layers with parental care?

A

labyrinth fish and cichlids

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6
Q

What are the major industrialized fish in the united states?

A

atlantic salmon, coho salmon, rainbow trout, channel catfish and tilapia

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7
Q

What are the assumptions about teleost reproduction?

A

genetic gender unconnected from ferilization, genetic gender does not permanently determine gonadal development, and gonad development does not distinctly express secondary sex characteristics

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8
Q

What does gonochorism mean?

A

they are only male or female for life

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9
Q

What influences gonochorism?

A

genotypic sex determination, environmental factor sex determination, and temperature sex determination

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10
Q

What is hermaphrodism?

A

when they are male or female for segments of life

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11
Q

What does protandrous mean?

A

matures as a male first

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12
Q

What does protogynous mean?

A

it matures as a female first

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13
Q

What are the heterogamety genotypes of males and females?

A

Male (XY) and female (ZW)

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14
Q

What are the homogamety genotypes for males and females?

A

male (ZZ) and female (XX)

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15
Q

What are osteichthyes?

A

bony fish

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16
Q

What percent of osteichthyes live in freshwater and marine environments?

A

40 % freshwater and 60% marine

17
Q

Reproduction ensures what in fish?

A

species survival

18
Q

What is semelparity?

A

when reproducing adults can place eggs or offspring out of harms way

19
Q

What is the ontogeny of gonoducts like in tetrapods?

A

have dual origin (cortico-medullary antagonism - no connection between mullarian and wolffian ducts in embryologic development

20
Q

What is the ontogeny of gonoducts like in teleosts?

A

there is unitary origin only cortico-derived peritoneal wall, there are no structural connnections between genital and excretory tracts

21
Q

What are the patterns of maturation in fish?

A

anually (synchronus) or sequential spawning (asynchronous)

22
Q

Explain carp-like ovulation.

A

mature through vitellogenesis then wait for environmental cues to proceed to ovulation and spawning

23
Q

What are carp-like ovulators more responsive to in order to induce reproduction?

A

GtH

24
Q

Explain salmon-like ovulation.

A

mature through ovulation then wait for environmental cues to span

25
Q

What is GtH’s effect on salmon-like ovulators?

A

GtH only accelerates or shortens the reproduction timeline

26
Q

What is a micropyle?

A

a funnel-like entrance on the ova to only permit one sperm

27
Q

What happens to the micropyle after fertilization?

A

it closes

28
Q

What is an anamniote?

A

animals who lay eggs in the water and are water dependent for growth

29
Q

What occurs to gametes of marine fish?

A

they become hydrated; they are very condensed until water is added

30
Q

What environmental cues can affect fish reproduction?

A

photoperiod, water temperature, water quality, flooding and water movements, tides and lunar cycles, spawning substrate, nutrition, disease and parasites, and the presence of other fish

31
Q

What environmental cues affect barramundi spawning?

A

salinity and temperature by only with the full moon

32
Q

What environmental cues affect grouper spawning?

A

females spawn with increased HCG but when sex reversed males had not developed

33
Q

What is an example of how temoerature affects spawning?

A

in the nile tilapia and japanese flounder increased temperature increases male population and decreases aromatase and estradiol

34
Q

How can exogenous steroids can affect spawning?

A

feminization of the environment causing hermaphrodites and functional gonads of both sexes

35
Q

How can behavioral control affect fish populations?

A

in hermaphroditic species there is one large individual and multiple subordinates, if the large individual exits then a subordinate modifies its gener to replace it

36
Q

How can pollutants disrupt fish reproduction?

A

gonadal differentiation, maturation, numbers/quality of gaetes, and behavior

37
Q

What mechanisms of disruption do pollutants use?

A

endocrine and decreased neurologic/physiological response to prostaglandin pheromones