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Histology Pt. 2 > Unit 2 - Gonadotropins > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Gonadotropins Flashcards

1
Q

What are two gonadotropins released from the anterior pituitary?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

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2
Q

What is the chemical nature of FSH and LH?

A

they are both proteins

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3
Q

What is the secretion of gonadotropins controlled by?

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

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4
Q

What are the phases of the estrous cycle?

A

proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus or anestrus

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5
Q

What physiologic changes occur during proestrous?

A

Primordial follicle matures into primary follicle surrounding a primary oocyte, then into a tertiary follicle surrounding a primary oocyte and then into secondary oocyte surrounded by a mature follicle

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6
Q

What physiologic changes occur during estrous?

A

the secondary oocytes matures into an ovum and is released from the ovary

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7
Q

What physiologic changes occur during metestrus?

A

the empty follicle begins its transformation into the corpus luteum

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8
Q

What physiologic changes occur during diestrus?

A

the corpus luteum is fully formed

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9
Q

If an animal is not pregnant, what happens to the corpus luteum?

A

it regresses

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10
Q

What cells of the ovary secrete estrogen and progesterone?

A

granulosa cells

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11
Q

What cells produce androgens?

A

cells of the theca interna

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12
Q

What pituitary hormone stimulates the production of estrogen?

A

FSH turns androgens into estrogen

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13
Q

What pituitary hormone stimulates the production of progesterone?

A

the pre-ovulatory surge of LH

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14
Q

What pituitary hormone stimulates the production of androgens?

A

LH

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15
Q

What phase of the estrous cycle is dominated by ovarian secretion of estrogen?

A

proestrus

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16
Q

What phase of the estrous cycle is dominated by ovarian secretion of progesterone?

A

diestrus

17
Q

What is the effect of progesterone on the endometrium?

A

it stimulates endometrial secretion in preparation for implantation

18
Q

What is the effect of estrogen on the endometrium?

A

it stimulates endometrial proliferation

19
Q

Why is negative estrogen feedback important?

A

it is important for FSH secretion to convert androgens into estrogens; want to produce high levels of estrogen to simulate ovulation

20
Q

Why is positive estrogen feedback important?

A

it is important to stimulate an LH surge once high levels of estrogen are reached to trigger ovulation

21
Q

What are the dynamics of gonadotropin release in males?

A

the onset of puberty causes the pituitary to start production of more gonadotropins; they are released in a steady fashion

22
Q

What cells are the targets of pituitary gonadotropins in males?

A

sertoli cells and leydig cells

23
Q

What gonadotropin influences sertoli cells?

A

FSH

24
Q

What gonadotropin influences leydig cells?

A

LH

25
Q

What cells of the testes are analogous to granulosa cells in the female?

A

sertoli cells

26
Q

What cells of the testes are analogous to theca cells in the female?

A

leydig cells

27
Q

What cells secrete testosterone?

A

leydig cells

28
Q

What is the function of chorionic gonadotropin?

A

it rescues the corpus luteum from regression by continuing to produce progesterone

29
Q

What is chorionic gonadotropin produced by and in what species?

A

produced by human trophoblastic cells of the blastocyst

30
Q

What is the function of interferon tau?

A

it is similar to chorionic gonadotropin; it rescues the regression of corpeus luteum

31
Q

What species produces interferon tau and by what cells?

A

produced by bovine and ovine trophoblasts

32
Q

What is placental lactogen?

A

a GH and prolactin analog that supports maternal metabolism and initiates milk synthesis and antagonizes maternal insulin

33
Q

What is relaxin?

A

a chemicasl that relaxes pelvic ligaments, increases oxytocin synthesis for the preparation of partuition

Histology Pt. 2 (52 decks)

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