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Histology Pt. 2 > Anatomy of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What ribs present as the boundaries of the diaphragm?

A

the top of the 13th rib and the bottom of the 7th

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2
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

the organs from the first rib until the diaphragm

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3
Q

What does the thorax contain?

A

the organs in the thoracic cavity plus the intrathoracic abdominal structures

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4
Q

What is the anticlinal vertebrae and why?

A

the 11th thoracic vertebrae because it points straight up and down

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5
Q

What is the costadiapgragmatic line of pleural reflection?

A

where the pleura reflects at the level of the diaphragm, it does not follow the diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

the external intercostals

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7
Q

What direction do the external intercostal fibers go?

A

caudo-ventrally to cranio-dorsally

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8
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A

the internal intercostals

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9
Q

What direction do the internal intercostal fibers go?

A

caudo-dorsally to cranio-ventrally

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10
Q

What is the significance of the costadiaphragmatic recess?

A

lungs do not extend beyond that point

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11
Q

What are the boundaries for auscultation for lung sounds?

A

bottom of the 5th rip to the top of the 11th rib then cranially to the top of the 5th rib

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12
Q

Where should a thoracentesis be performed?

A

between the 7th and 10th intercostal space, cranial to the ribs and at an angle towards the body wall

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13
Q

If a thoracentesis is performed horizontally, what can happen?

A

the lungs can be punctured

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14
Q

If a thoracentesis is performed from the 1st to the 6th intercostal space, what can happen?

A

the heart can be punctured

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15
Q

What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

it is the dead space, it cannot be used for gas exchange

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16
Q

What are the structures in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

nose, mouth, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and terminal bronchiole

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17
Q

What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

it is where gas exchange occurs

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18
Q

What are the structures in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

the respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and the alveolus

19
Q

What is the function of the arrangement of the meati in the respiratory system?

A

it allows for laminar flow of air, humidification and warming, and prevents dust from getting into the lungs

20
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

it covers the larynx to protect the airways during eating

21
Q

What type of epithelium is typical respiratory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells interspersed

22
Q

What type of cell junctions are in TRE?

A

tight junctions, adherens, desmosomes, and hemidesmososmes

23
Q

What are the cell types within TRE?

A

goblet cells, basal cells, ciliated cells, neuroendocrine cells, and brush cells

24
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

to secrete mucous

25
Q

Where are the goblet cells located in the TRE?

A

on the apical side

26
Q

Where are the nuclei in goblet cells located?

A

near the basal lamina

27
Q

What is the function of the basal cells?

A

they are for the repair of damaged TRE

28
Q

Where are basal cells located?

A

near sensor nerves, close to the basal lamina

29
Q

What is the function of the ciliated cells?

A

they function as escalator cells

30
Q

What are the ciliated cells made up of?

A

cilia and many microvili

31
Q

What is the function of neuroendocrine cells?

A

they are for sensing and growth and secrete hormones and chemicals

32
Q

What are brush cells for?

A

sensory

33
Q

What are brush cells innervated by?

A

the trigeminal nerve

34
Q

What are structures commonly seen in the microscopic anatomy of the nose?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, hyaline cartilage, serous and sweat glands, hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels, and immune cells

35
Q

What are the structures commonly seen in the microscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity?

A

TRE, thin walled veins and glands, nerves, lymphatic nodules, P450 enzymes

36
Q

Where is the olfactory region located?

A

in the dorso-caudal portion of the nasal cavity

37
Q

What type of epithelium is located in the olfactory region?

A

thick high pseudostratefied epithelium with immotile cilia

38
Q

What type of cells are in the olfactory region?

A

olfactory, supporting, basal

39
Q

What is the pigmentation of the olfactory region?

A

lipofuscin

40
Q

What is the function of the olfactory cells in the olfactory region?

A

they secrete a solution that enhances the solubility of the odorant molecule and cleanses the cilia

41
Q

What are the support cells of the olfactory region also known as?

A

the sustentacular cells

42
Q

What is the structure of the support cells of the olfactory region located?

A

they have a wide apical side and a narrow basal side

43
Q

What is the function of the basal cells in the olfactory region?

A

to regenerate olfactory cells and sustentacular cells

Histology Pt. 2 (52 decks)

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