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Histology Pt. 2 > Pulmonary Blood Flow > Flashcards

Pulmonary Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

Why is pulmonary blood flow important?

A

without the optimal flow through the lungs, ventilation is of no use

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2
Q

Characterize pulmonary vessels.

A

have great dispensability and compliance, more capillaries than alveoli

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3
Q

In the pulmonary system, venous blood is in the _____ and arterial blood is in the _____.

A

arteries, veins

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4
Q

in pulmonary circulation, what induces vasoconstriction?

A

hypoxia

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5
Q

Pulmonary artery pressure is ___ of systemic arterial pressure.

A

1/6th

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6
Q

What does bronchiolar circulation supply?

A

nutritional blood to the tracheobronchial tree up to the terminal bronchiole, hilar lymph nodes, visceral pleura, pulmonary artery and vein, vagus nerve, and esophagus

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7
Q

How does the bronchial and pulmonary system communicate?

A

via a shunt

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8
Q

What is difference in pressures in the A-a pressure gradient?

A

5-10 mmHg

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9
Q

Which has higher pressure: bronchial circulation or pulmonary circulation?

A

bronchial circulation

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10
Q

Is resistance higher in pulmonary or systemic circulation?

A

pulmonary

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11
Q

What is the mean pulmonary vascular resistance?

A

15 mmHg

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12
Q

What is Poiseulle’s law for volume flow rate?

A

P1-P2 = Q (with a dot) x R

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13
Q

What is P1 in Poiseulle’s law for volume flow?

A

pressure at the beginning of the tube in mmHg

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14
Q

What is P2 in Poiseulle’s law for volume flow?

A

pressure at the end of the tube in mmHg

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15
Q

What is Q in Poiseulle’s law for volume flow?

A

flow (mL/minute)

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16
Q

What is R in Poiseulle’s law for volume flow?

A

resistance (mmHg/mL/minute)

17
Q

How do you calculate pulmonary vascular resistance?

A

PVR = (MPAP-MLAP)/pulmonary blood flow

18
Q

True or False: Pulmonary capillaries cannot stretch with change in resistance

A

False: they are distensible

19
Q

What happens to the small capillaries when the volume of the lung increases?

A

the alveoli inflate, and they are pinched

20
Q

When is the PVR the lowest?

A

when functional residual capacity is met

21
Q

How do you explain a fall in PVR during exercise?

A

recruitment and distention; they have to decrease resistance to compensate for increased flow to keep change in pressure the same

22
Q

How does more smooth muscle affect pulmonary arterial pressure?

A

it increases it (hypoxia)

23
Q

What species are highly susceptible to hypoxic vasoconstriction?

A

cattle and pig

24
Q

How does localized hypoxia affect pulmonary flow?

A

it redistributes it

25
Q

What is EIPH?

A

exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

26
Q

What causes EIPH?

A

high vaccuum during excercise that increases the transmural pressure difference, the barrier breaks, and the red blood cells end up in the alveoli

27
Q

In zone 1 of the lung, rank these pressures from highest to lowest(during ventilation); PA, PV, Pa.

A

PA > Pa> Pv

28
Q

What happens in zone 1 of the lung during ventilation?

A

there is no blood flow, alveolar pressure is pinching the vessels, not usually seen

29
Q

In zone 2 of the lung, rank these pressures from highest to lowest (during ventilation); PA, PV, Pa.

A

Pa > PA > Pv

30
Q

What happens in zone 2 during ventilation?

A

intermittent blood flow

31
Q

In zone 3 of the lung, rank these pressures from highest to lowest (during ventilation); PA, PV, Pa.

A

Pa > PV > PA

32
Q

What happens in zone 3 during ventilation?

A

high hydrostatic pressure, distended vessels, high blood flow

33
Q

What is Starling’s equation important in determining?

A

the amount of fluid flowing per minute

34
Q

What causes an increase in Pcap?

A

exercise

35
Q

When does clinical edema develop?

A

the lymphatic capacity is exceeded, proteoglycan bridges break, and fluid enters the alveoli and bronchioles

36
Q

Why does pulmonary edema fluid look foamy?

A

because it is a mixture of edema fluid and surfactant

37
Q

What does decreased plasma oncotic pressure cause?

A

hypoproteinemia, increased vascular permeability, inflammation, lymphatic obstruction

38
Q

What does lung edema impede on?

A

ventilation and oxygenation

39
Q

How is pulmonary fluid reabsorbed?

A

through stomata on the parietal fleura, and then through the lymphatics

Histology Pt. 2 (52 decks)

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