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Histology Pt. 2 > Canine and Feline Reproduction > Flashcards

Canine and Feline Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What type of breeders are canines?

A

monoestrous, typically non-seasonal

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2
Q

What does monoestrous mean?

A

they have 1, potentially 2, cycles per year

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3
Q

When do canines typically reach pubertal estrus?

A

6-14 months

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4
Q

How long does the inter-estrus period in canines last?

A

5-12 months (6-7 months commonly)

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5
Q

What are the phases of the canine estrous cycle?

A

proestrus, estrus, metestrus/diestrus, and anestrus

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6
Q

On average, how long does proestrus last in the canine?

A

9 days

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7
Q

On average, how long does estrus last in the canine?

A

9 days

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8
Q

On average how long does metestrus/diestrus last in the canine?

A

60 days

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9
Q

Characterize proestrus in the canine.

A

the female becomes attractive to the male but is not receptive

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10
Q

What endocrine changes occur in proestrus in the canine?

A

FSH and LH are low, estrogen rises and peaks at the end, progesterone increases in the late age

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11
Q

What happens to the canine physically during proestrus?

A

serosanguinous to hemorrhagic vulvar discharge, vulva edema, and vaginal mucosa is pink, round, and with a cobblestone appearance

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12
Q

In the canine, what cells do you expect to see on a vaginal cytology in early proestrus?

A

parabasal cells

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13
Q

In the canine, what cells do you expect to see on a vaginal cytology in mid proestrus?

A

small and large intermediate cells

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14
Q

In the canine, what cells do you expect to see on a vaginal cytology in late proestrus?

A

intermediate + superficial cells

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15
Q

Characterize estrus in the canine.

A

attractive and receptive to male

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16
Q

In the canine, what endocrine changes occur in estrus?

A

LH surge for ovulation, decreasing estrogen levels, and a continuous increase of progesteronethroughout the stage

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17
Q

What physical changes occur to the canine during estrus?

A

there may or may not be serosanguinous vulvar discharge and vulvur edema still present and starts to wane

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18
Q

What would a vaginal cytology show from a canine in estrus?

A

primarily superficial cells with anuclear cells and some RBCs present

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19
Q

Characterize metestrus/diestrus in the canine.

A

refractory to breeding, diminished attraction to male

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20
Q

In the canine, what endocrine changes occur in metestrus/diestrus?

A

progesterone increases and peaks (controlled by LH and prolactin) and prolactin increases by day 25

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21
Q

What would a vaginal cytology show from a canin in metestrus/diestrus?

A

parabasal epithelial cells and white blood cells

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22
Q

What does the vaginal mucosa look like in a canine in metestrus/diestrus?

A

flattened, flaccid, and smooth

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23
Q

Characterize anestrus in the canine.

A

ovarian inactivity, uterine involution, and endometrial repair, no reactivity or receptivity to male counterparts

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24
Q

What would a vaginal cytology of a canine in anestrus look like?

A

small parabasals, occasional neutrophils, and a small number of mixed bacteria

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25
Q

What would the vaginal mucosal folds look like in a canine in anestrus?

A

flat, thin, and red

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26
Q

What controls termination of anestrus?

A

FSH and LH when they have pulsatile secretion

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27
Q

What can be used to determine the correct time to breed a canine?

A

vaginal cytology and a progesterone test kit

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28
Q

What cells on a vaginal cytology would signify that a canine is in estrus?

A

the cells are fully cornified

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29
Q

What cells on a vaginal cytology would signify that a canine is in diestrus?

A

the onset of diestrus is characterized by the sudden appearance of parabasal cells; a change from predominantly cornified to predominantly noncornified

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30
Q

What would a progesterone level of 2-4 ng/ml signify?

A

LH peak/surge

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31
Q

What would a progesterone level of 4-10 ng/ml signify?

A

ovulation

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32
Q

What would a progesterone level of 10-22 ng/ml signify?

A

the highest fertility period

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33
Q

What is the 2-2-2 rule?

A

at 2 ng/ml of progesterone wait two days for ovulation then wait two days for receptivity to breed

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34
Q

After first breeding, how long does gestation last in the canine?

A

67-70 days

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35
Q

After the LH peak, how long does gestation last in the canine?

A

65 days

36
Q

After ovulation, how does gestation last in the canine?

A

63 days

37
Q

What type of connection does the canine placenta have and how many layers are there?

A

endothelialchorial, 3

38
Q

What are the three zones of the placenta?

A

transfer zone, pigmented zone, avascular zone

39
Q

What occurs in the transfer zone?

A

it is where the relationship with the maternal blood stream occurs

40
Q

What occurs in the pigmented zone of the placenta?

A

where metabolization of blood occurs - green

41
Q

What occurs in stage one of canine parturition?

A

myometrial contractions and cervical dilation

42
Q

What occurs in stage two of canine parturition?

A

fetal expulsion

43
Q

How long does fetal expulsion take in the canine?

A

6 hours (24 hours for large litters)

44
Q

What occurs in stage three of canine parturition?

A

fetal membrane expulsion

45
Q

When does the fetal membrane usually pass during canine parturition?

A

with each pup

46
Q

When does testicular descent typically occur in the canine?

A

35-50 days after birth

47
Q

When does puberty typically occur in the male dog?

A

6-12 months (breed size dependent)

48
Q

How long does it take for good sperm to from?

A

2-3 months after puberty

49
Q

How long is the total length of the spermatogenic cycle in the male dog?

A

62 days

50
Q

What centers of GnRH do male dogs have?

A

tonic center

51
Q

What is the make up of the first fraction of normal ejaculation?

A

0.5-7 mL of clear prostatic fluid

52
Q

When does the second fraction of normal ejaculate come out?

A

after intromission

53
Q

What is the make up of the second fraction of normal ejaculate?

A

0.5-3 mL of sperm rich ejaculate with greater than or equal to 70% motility and greater than or equal to 60% of normal morphology

54
Q

When does the third fraction of normal ejaculate of the canine come out?

A

during the tie

55
Q

What is the make up of the third fraction of normal ejaculate in the canine?

A

30-40 mL of clear prostatic fluid

56
Q

In natural canine breeding, what fractions of ejaculate come out during coitus?

A

fraction 1 and 2

57
Q

In natural canine breeding, what fractions of ejaculate come out during the turn?

A

fraction 3

58
Q

What part of the canine penis allows for tying?

A

the bulbus glandis

59
Q

When does puberty of the queen typically occur?

A

8 months (4-18 months)

60
Q

Do long haired breeds reach puberty earlier or later than other breeds?

A

later

61
Q

What type of breeders are felines?

A

seasonally polyestrous: long day breeders

62
Q

When do felines typically cycle?

A

late january to mid october

63
Q

What type of ovulators are felines?

A

induced ovulators

64
Q

What induces ovulation in felines?

A

it is induced by the act of breeding; the spines on the male penis stimulate the LH release for the female

65
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in the feline?

A

4-30 days

66
Q

How long does proestrous last in felines?

A

1-2 days: 8-10 days dependency

67
Q

Characterize proestrus in the feline.

A

attracted to males, not routinely seen

68
Q

How long does estrus last in the feline?

A

4-6 days with the male present and 10 days with the male absent

69
Q

Characterize estrus in the feline.

A

accepts males, vocalization, increased affection, lordosis, and rolling

70
Q

When does ovulation occur in felines?

A

1-3 days after breeding and a LH surge

71
Q

How long does metestrus/diestrus last in felines if they are bred?

A

60 days if pregnant and 30-40 days if not pregnant

72
Q

How long does metestrus/diestrus last in felines if they are not bred?

A

8-10 days

73
Q

How long does anestrous typically last in felines?

A

3-4 months

74
Q

Describe the events of copulation in the feline.

A

female attracts and is receptive to male, tom mounts and bites neck, penis gets arect and faces forward, male dismounts and female copulatory call, tom retreates

75
Q

How long does copulation usually last in the feline?

A

30 seconds to a few minutes

76
Q

How long is gestation in the feline?

A

63 days

77
Q

When can feline pregnancy be detected by abdominal palpation?

A

17-25 days

78
Q

When can feline pregnancy be detected by abdominal ultrasound?

A

21-30 days

79
Q

When can feline pregnancy be detected by radiographs?

A

at 37 days

80
Q

When can feline pregnancy be detected by progesterone levels?

A

at 6 days

81
Q

What species is feline parturition like?

A

canine

82
Q

When does puberty occur in the male feline?

A

8-12 months

83
Q

What is the penis like in the male feline?

A

100-200 cornified papillae (spines) that appear at approximately 6 months

84
Q

What is the gene for calico carried on?

A

the X chromosome

85
Q

What is a calico cats chromosomes like?

A

XX with heterozygous X and both condensed black and orange alleles

86
Q

What is superfetation?

A

conception during pregnancy

87
Q

What is superfecundation?

A

superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse

Histology Pt. 2 (52 decks)

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