Estrous Cycle

Question 1

What are the four major constituents of the ovary?

Answer 1

ovaries, oocyte, corpus luteum, granulosa and theca cells

Question 2

What is the general function of the ovary?

Answer 2

contain the follicles that are the central determinants of the estrous cycle

Question 3

What is the general function of the oocyte?

Answer 3

the component of the follicle that is released at the end of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle

Question 4

What is the general function of the corpus luteum?

Answer 4

a remnant of the follicle that facilitates the luteal phase

Question 5

What is the general function of the granulosa and theca cells?

Answer 5

cells in the follicle and later on in the CL that regulate the estrous cycle

Question 6

What is estrus?

Answer 6

a specific phase of the estrous cycle in which many hormones peak and sexual receptivity is highest

Question 7

What is estrous?

Answer 7

a series of temporal transitions that define the female reproductive cycle

Question 8

What does polyestrous mean?

Answer 8

estrous cycle repeats throughout the span of the reproductive age of the female

Question 9

What does seasonal polyestrous mean?

Answer 9

estrous cycle repeats during a specific portion of the calendar year

Question 10

What species are seasonally polyestrous?

Answer 10

cats, horses, sheep, and goats

Question 11

What does monoestrous mean?

Answer 11

estrous cycle occurs only one time in succession

Question 12

What does diestrous mean?

Answer 12

a specific phase of the estrous cycle where peak progesterone and maximal CL activity occurs

Question 13

What are the two defenitions for anestr(o)us?

Answer 13

period in between estrous cycles (in mono and diestrous; seasonally polyestrous) and a condition in which estrus does not return in a polyestrous animal

Question 14

Which female reproductive hormone increases and decreases inversely to the other major female hormones?

Answer 14

progesterone

Question 15

What is the order of synthesis of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone and what enzyme is used in the last step?

Answer 15

progesterone to testosterone then enzyme aromatase to change into estrogen

Question 16

What type of receptors do estrogens interact with?

Answer 16

receptors inside of the cell

Question 17

What type of receptors do progestins interact with?

Answer 17

receptors inside of the cell

Question 18

What type of receptors does inhibin interact with?

Answer 18

cell surface receptor

Question 19

What type of receptors do PGF 2 alpha, LH, FSH, and GnRH interact with?

Answer 19

G protein - coupled receptors

Question 20

What are the three hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis?

Answer 20

GnRH, LH, and FSH

Question 21

How is the release of GnRH regulated?

Answer 21

by several different factos such as hormones

Question 22

What is the release of LH and FSH regulated by?

Answer 22

GnRH

Question 23

What is the general function of PGF 2 alpha?

Answer 23

it is released during diestrus if the fertilized ovum has not implanted in the uterus and is responsible for continuing the estrous cycle if the animal is not pregnant

Question 24

What is the general function of inhibin?

Answer 24

mildly inhibits the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and strongly inhibits FSH from the anterior pituitary

Question 25

What enzyme deficiency can lead to female virilization?

Answer 25

aromatase deficiency