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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Triangles of the Neck 1 > Flashcards

Triangles of the Neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior attachment to the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck?

A

external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line

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2
Q

What is the inferior attachment to the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck?

A

manubrium sterni, spine of scapula, acromion

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3
Q

What is the lateral attachment to the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck?

A

mastoid process, zygomatic arch

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4
Q

What is the posterior attachment to the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck?

A

ligamentum nuchae, C7 spine

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5
Q

What is the anterior attachment to the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck?

A

join its twin from the other side, surrounds infrahyoid muscle

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6
Q

In regards to the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck, from posterior to anterior: it encloses ___ then reunites to form roof of ____ triangle. It then splits again to enclose ____ then unite again to join its opposite twin

A

trapezius; posterior; sternomastoid

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7
Q

What veins (2) and nerves (3) pierce the investing layer of deep fascia of the neck?

A

veins: external jugular vein, anterior jugular vein
nerves: suprascapular, transverse cervical, 3 supraclavicular nerves

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8
Q

This fascia covers prevertebral muscles and extends laterally on each side behind carotid sheath and in front of scalene muscles to form the floor of the posterior triangle

A

prevertebral fascia

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9
Q

Prevertebral fascia ensheathes the ____ artery and ____ plexus to form the ___ sheath behind clavicle at the lower part of the posterior triangle

A

subclavian; brachial; axillary

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10
Q

Superiorly, the pretracheal fascia is attached to what bone?

A

hyoid bone

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11
Q

Inferiorly, the pretracheal fascia is attached to the posterior surface of the ____ and the upper thoracic ___

A

pericardium; cavity

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12
Q

Anteriorly, the pretracheal fascia covers what?

A

trachea and the thyroid gland

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13
Q

Laterally, the pretracheal fascia covers what?

A

thyroid gland and esophagus

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14
Q

Posteriorly, the pretracheal fascia is named _____ fascia; which separates the pharynx and esophagus form prevertebral fascia. It extends superiorly from the base of the skull to end inferiorly in the thoracic cavity

A

Buccopharyngeal

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15
Q

The carotid sheath is a column of cervical deep fascia derived form the surrounding layers. What vessels does it encase?

A

It surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve as they pass through the neck

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16
Q

___ ____ is embedded in the carotid sheath wall

A

Ansa cervicalis

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17
Q

The first fascial compartment is the ____, includes the 3 other compartments, and is surrounded by an ____ layer

A

largest; investing

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18
Q

The second fascial compartment consists of the ____ ___ and surrounding muscles. It is surrounded by a ____ layer

A

vertebral column; prevertebral

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19
Q

The third fascial compartment (visceral) contains what? What layer surrounds it?

A

pharynx, trachea, esophagus, and thyroid gland; surrounded by pretracheal layer

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20
Q

The fourth fascial compartment is the carotid sheath. True or false?

A

true

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21
Q

The pretracheal space is between the investing layer in front of the hyoid and pretracheal fascia. What is its clinical significance?

A

pus in this space may pass down from neck to the superior mediastinum and may point in the neck, above the manubrium

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22
Q

The retropharyngeal space is between the buccopharyngeal layer and the prevertebral fascia. What is its clinical significance?

A

pus in this space may pass down posterior to the pharynx and esphophagus, to posterior mediastinum

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23
Q

The third space is within the prevertebral layer as it splits into 2 laminae creating a fascial space that begins superiorly at base of skull passing by the posterior mediastinum and ending inferiorly at the diaphragm. What is its clinical significance?

A

pus from cervical vertebrae flows either forwards to reach retropharyngeal space of laterally to reach posterior triangle

24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of platysma?

A

origin: deep fascia covering pec major
insertion: muscle fibers proceed upwards and medially to the lower border of mandible and blend with muscles of the angle of the mouth
innervation: cervical branch of facial nerve

25
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, and superior borders of the anterior triangle?

A

anterior: midline of neck
posterior: sternomastoid muscles
superior: lower border of mandible

26
Q

For the following subdivision of the anterior triangle, give its boundaries and contents: submental triangle

A

boundaries: mandibular symphysis; anterior belly of digastric muscle; body of hyoid bone
contents: submental lymph nodes; tributaries forming the anterior jugular vein

27
Q

For the following subdivision of the anterior triangle, give its boundaries and contents: submandibular triangle

A

boundaries: lower border of mandible; anterior belly of digastric muscle; posterior belly of digastric muscle
contents: submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, mylohyoid nerve, facial artery and vein

28
Q

For the following subdivision of the anterior triangle, give its boundaries and contents: carotid triangle

A

boundaries: posterior belly of digastric muscle; superior belly of omohyoid muscle; anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
contents: tributaries to common facial vein; cervical branch of facial nerve; common carotid artery; external and internal carotid arteries

29
Q

For the following subdivision of the anterior triangle, give its boundaries and contents: muscular triangle

A

boundaries: midline of neck, superior belly of omohyoid muscle, anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
contents: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles, thyroid and parathryoid glands, pharynx

30
Q

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid are all ____ muscles

A

suprahyoid

31
Q

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thryohyoid, and omohyoid are all ____ muscles

A

infrahyoid

32
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of mylohyoid

A

origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion: mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
innervation: nerve to mylohyoid

main action: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

33
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of Geniohyoid

A

origin: inferior mental spine of mandible
insertion: body of hyoid
innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

main action: pulls hyoid anteriosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

34
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of stylohyoid

A

origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: body of hyoid
innervation: stylohyoid branch of facial nerve

main action: elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth

35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of digastric: anterior belly/ posterior belly

A

origin: anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible; posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone
insertion: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
innervation: anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve; posterior belly: digastric branch of facial nerve

main action: working with infra hyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of sternohyoid

A

origin: manubrium and medial end of clavicle
insertion: body of hyoid
innervation: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

main action: depress hyoid after elevation during swallowing

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of omohyoid

A

origin: superior border of scapula
insertion: inferior border of hyoid
innervation: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

main action: depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of sternothryoid

A

origin: posterior surface of manubrium
insertion: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
innervation: C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

main action: depresses hyoid and larynx

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and main action of thryohyoid

A

origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
insertion: inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid
innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

main action: depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

40
Q

The ___ CCA arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, while the ___ CCA arises from the aorta

A

right; left

41
Q

Both CCA ascend in neck inside carotid sheath and end at the upper border of what?

A

thyroid cartilage by dividing into two branches: internal and external carotid arteries

42
Q

The internal carotid artery ascends upwards in the carotid sheath towards the head without giving branches in the neck to end by entering the carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone where it branches to supply what?

A

inside cranial cavity, it supplies cerebral hemispheres, eyes, orbital contents, and forehead

43
Q

This is a branch from the anterior aspect of the external carotid artery. It is near the bifurcation, down to the superior pole of thyroid gland. It supplies thryohyoid, sternomastoid, cricothryoid muscles and internal structures of the larynx

A

superior thyroid artery

44
Q

This is a branch from the anterior aspect of the external carotid artery. It is just above the superior thyroid artery at the level of the hyoid bone, passes deep to the hypoglossal nerve between the middle constrictor and hypoglossus muscles. It supplies the tongue, tonsils, epiglottis, floor of the mouth, and sublingual glands.

A

lingual artery

45
Q

This is a branch from the anterior aspect of the external carotid artery. It is just above the lingual artery an passes deep to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric and then between submandibular gland and mandible, then emerges under edge of mandible to enter the face. It supplies all structures in the face in front of the master and above the mandible till the eagle of the eye, soft palate, tonsil, and submandibular gland

A

facial artery

46
Q

This is a branch from the posterior aspect of the external carotid artery. It is just above the facial artery and then goes upwards and backwards deep to the posterior belly of the digastric to scalp. It supplies sternomastoid, meninges, mastoid cells, deep muscles of back, and posterior part of scalp

A

occipital artery

47
Q

This is a branch from the posterior aspect of the external carotid artery. It is upwards and backwards behind the auricle to scalp. It supplies external, middle, and inner ear structures, parotid gland and nearby muscles, and scalp area posterior to the auricle

A

posterior auricular artery

48
Q

This is a branch from the medial aspect of the external carotid artery. It is the smallest branch and ascends to the side of the pharynx deep to ICA. It supplies the pharyngeal constrictor muscles, sylopharyngeus, phayrngotympanic tube and meninges of the posterior cranial fossa

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

49
Q

This is a terminal branch from the external carotid artery. It is behind the neck of mandible as an upward continuation of the ECA, crossing the zygomatic arch to anterior aspect of the auricle. It supplies the parotid gland and cut, temporalis, lateral face, anterior part of the external ear, parietal and temporal fossa

A

superficial temporal artery

50
Q

This is a terminal branch from the external carotid artery. It is the larger of the 2 terminal branches at the neck of mandible. It passes backwards through the parotid gland into infra temporal fossa and then into pterygopalatine fossa. It supplies chin, ear, and nasal areas.

A

maxillary

51
Q

This is a dilation at the bifurcation of CCA and the beginning of ICA that contains receptors monitoring changes in blood pressure. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

A

carotid sinus

52
Q

This is another accumulation of receptors monitoring changes in blood chemistry especially oxygen content and is innervated by glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) nerves

A

carotid body

53
Q

The internal jugular vein being as a downward continuation of ___ ___ sinus at the base of the skull. It exists through the ____ foramen together with IX, X, and XI cranial nerves to enter the carotid sheath

A

sigmoid dural; jugular

54
Q

The initial upper part of the IJV is dialed forming the ___ ____ which receives inferior petrosal sinus as a tributary

A

superior bulb

55
Q

The IJV ends by joining what vein?

A

subclavian at sternal end of clavicle to form brachiocephalic vein

56
Q

What is the clinical point regarding jugular venous pressure?

A

it is a reflection of functioning right side of heart - clinical sign to asses venous pressure

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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