Lymph & Immune Systems Flashcards
What is the standard emergency treatment for anaphylaxtic reaction?
Adrenaline or Epinepherine
Round nodules of lymphatic tissue within the lymph nodes are what?
Lymphoid Follicles
Once in the lacteals, where do lipid soluble compounds go to next?
Thoracic Duct
What are the names for the condition of having pus?
Purulent or Supurative
What’s the name of the inner portion of the lymphoid follicles?
Germinal Centers
These are the very first antibodies produced and will be replaced by the IgG’s
IgM
What is a very fast, very severe reaction resulting in massive swelling, mucus production, bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and possibly sudden death?
Anaphylaxis
Macrophages, Reticular Cells, and Dendritic Cells partially digest antigens and place part of them on their cell membranes for identification by the rest of the immune system. In this function, these cells are known as what?
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
What are the principal lymphoid organs of the body which filter lymph being returned to the blood?
Lymph Nodes
What are the specialized leukocytes that keep the immune system “fired-up” or activated as long as the specific threat remains?
Inducer T-Lymphocytes
What is the organelle that consists of an engulfed cell, virus, etc.?
Phagosome
What is a series of many proteins which destroy pathogens that are marked by antibodies?
Complement
What are the specialized fatty acids that cause pain associated with endometriosis?
Prostaglandins
Other than heparin, what is produced by basophils that induces inflammation?
Bradykinin
A harmful immune reaction to antigens that usually do not cause this type of reaction is known as what?
Hypersensitivity
Specialized proteins found only on the surfaces of the cell membranes of various immune system cells known as “antigen presenting cells” that identify “self” from “non-self” are what kind of proteins?
MHC-II
Once in the thoracic duct, where do lipid soluble compounds go to next (be specific)?
Left Subclavian Vein
A major lymphoid organ which tends to regress with age?
Thymus
For the immune system, sloughed skin cells are considered to be an “___ ___?”
External Barriers
A structure rich in lymphatic tissue, that is attached to the beginning of the colon (large intestine) is what?
Vermiform Appendix
Lymphoid tissue that is found in the oral cavity, at the base of the tongue, and on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx is called what?
Tonsils
From mom’s milk, what class of antibodies keep pathogens from getting into the baby’s intestinal linings?
IgA
Once in the hepatic portal vein, where do water soluble compounds perchlorate through the detoxification process?
Sinusoids
What cells partially digest antigens and place part of them on their cell membranes for identification by the rest of the immune system?
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
What is released from Cytotoxic T-Cells and work against viruses?
Interferons
Once in the intestines, where do water soluble compounds go next?
Intestinal Veins
What is the abbreviated name for a group of medications used to inhibit prostaglandins production?
NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
Compounds which become antigenic only when bound to certain proteins are known as what?
Hapten
Lymphatic tissue found in the walls of the intestines is called what?
Peyer’s Patches
Proteins produced by plasma cells are produced to mark specific foreign proteins for destruction by the immune system are called what?
Antibodies
The potential problem with lipid soluble toxins if taken orally is that they “___” the liver’s detoxification process on the first pass.
Bypass
The major lymphatic vessel draining the abdomen and thorax is known as what?
Thoracic Duct
A tissue transplant to members of the same species is known as what?
Allograft or Homograft
Which of the tonsils are located on either side of the posterior oral cavity?
Palatine
Once in the superior mesenteric vein, where do water soluble compounds go next?
Hepatic Portal Vein
A genetic condition in which children are born with inherit susceptibility to diseases due to a non-functioning immune system is what?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
What is a term that means “by way of mouth?”
Per os
For the immune system, the saliva is considered to be an “___ ___.”
External Barrier
What are the specialized fatty acids that cause pain associated with headaches?
Prostaglandins
Once absorbed by the intestinal veins, where do water soluble compounds go next?
Superior Mesenteric Vein
What happens to water soluble compounds as they perchlorate through the liver’s sinusoids?
Detoxification
For the immune system, the urine is considered to be an “___ ___.”
External Barrier
Which class of antibodies cross the placenta to bring mom’s immunity to the fetus?
IgG
For the immune system, tears are considered to be an “___ ___.”
External Barrier
Proteins that are embedded in cell membranes to present antigens to the immune system to be destroyed are known as what?
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
What proteins specifically isolate and surround the pathogens with an extravascular “clot?”
Clotting Proteins
Specific compounds released by Cytotoxic T-Cells that destroy target cell’s DNA are what?
Lymphotoxin
Lymphocytes with lysosomes that contain bacteria-killing enzymes which make highly reactive free radicals are what?
Neutrophils
An enzyme that breaks down the superoxide radical is what?
Superoxide Dismutase
An enzyme found in the mucus, tears, and saliva that kills bacteria is what?
Lysozyme
What are the class of drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by stopping cyclooxygenase?
NSAIDs
What are the specialized leukocytes that communicate with B-Lymphocytes?
Helping T-Lymphocytes
An auto-immune disease in which antibodies are made against nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) thereby effecting several cell types is what?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
What specialized fatty acids are involved in blood clotting?
Prostaglandins
What compound that is released from basophils and mast cells cause many symptoms of inflammation?
Histamine
What two enzymes break hydrogen peroxide down into water and oxygen?
Peroxidase and Catalase
Which of the tonsils are located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?
Pharyngeal or Adenoids
What is the general class of proteins that regulate the immune response?
Cytokines
The process by which a cell expels undigested remains from phagocytosis?
Exocytosis
What specialized fatty acids cause uterine contraction?
Prostaglandins
A tissue transplant between non-identical siblings is known as what?
Allograft or Homograft
The “digestive system” of a cell is an organelle known as what?
Lysosome
A condition that is described as your body’s physiological response to cellular injury in which various leukocytes participate is what?
Inflammation
What compound is produced by our own cells to fight microbes and is broken down by the enzyme catalase?
Hydrogen Peroxide
A fluid causing edema that contains cellular and microbial debris caused by inflammatory responses is known as what?
Purulent or Supperative Exudate
Which class of antibodies are found in tonsils, skin, and mucus membranes and cause basophils and mast cells to release histamine?
IgE
A type of resistance or immunity that your body mounts against any antigen or pathogen and does not mount a highly focused attack against a uniquely targets antigen or pathogen is what?
Nonspecific or Innate
Which of the tonsils tend to be the largest and most often infected?
Palatine
The undigested remains from phagocytosis are located in an organelle known as what?
Residual Body
The undigested remains from phagocytosis are located in an organelle known as what?
Residual Body
A type of lymphocyte that destroy our cells that become cancerous or that contain viruses is what?
Natural Killer Cells
