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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what specific part of the small intestine makes up the proximal 2/5 ? what makes up the distal 3/5 ?

A

proximal 2/5 = jejunem

distal 3/5 = ileum

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2
Q

what are the 3 anatomical divisions of the stomach

A

fundus, body, pyloric antrum

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3
Q

what is the stomach lined with, and what is their function

A

rugae - increase surface area to allow for expansion

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4
Q

what part of the small intestine is retroperitoneal

A

duodenum

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5
Q

what are plicae circularis

A

permanent folds lining the small intestine that absorb nutrients

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6
Q

the abdominal aorta divides at what level ?

A

L4

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7
Q

how are the vasa recta and arterial arcades organized in the jejunem

A

long vasa recta

short arterial arcades

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8
Q

how are vasa recta and arterial arcades organized in the ileum

A

short vasa recta

long/large arterial arcades

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9
Q

what part of the small intestine could potentially be involved w/ Meckels diverticulum ? and what could this cause

A

ileum - umbilical hernia

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10
Q

what marks the start of the large intestine ?

A

cecum

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11
Q

the right colic flexure is also called ? left colic flexure ?

A

hepatic flexure

splenic flexure

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12
Q

where is the appendix located and what does it empty into ?

A

retrocecal

-empties into ileocecal orifice

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13
Q

during appendicitis where is pain felt first

A

periumbilical region referred from T10

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14
Q

what are the 3 specializations of the colon

A
  • tenia coli
  • haustra coli (outpouchings made by tenia coli)
  • epiploic appendages (fat tags)
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15
Q

what is the arterial supply to the upper abdomen from

A

celiac trunk

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16
Q

what is the arterial supply to the lower abdomen

A

SMA (superior mesenteric artery) and IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)

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17
Q

where is the change in arterial supply from SMA to the IMA for the lower abdomen

A

SMA supplies proximal 2/3 of TVC

IMA supplies distal 1/3 of TVC

18
Q

what 3 arteries supply the pancreas or are know as “pancreatic arteries ?

A
  • splenic a.
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
19
Q

the superior pancreaticoduodenal a. is a branch from what a. ?

A

Gastroduodenal a.

20
Q

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. is a branch from what a. ?

A

SMA

21
Q

what arteries supply the kidney and what do they branch from

A

renal a.

-lateral branch off of abdominal aorta

22
Q

what are the gonadal aa. and what do they branch from

A

females = ovarian a.
males = testicular a.
-both branches off abdominal aorta

23
Q

what is the main drainage pathway of the lower abdomen

A

inferior vena cava to right atrium

24
Q

blood drainage from abdominal viscera has what drainage pathway

A

portal venous system

—–then to IVC to right atrium

25
Q

the union of what 2 veins form the portal vein

A

splenic and SMA vv.

26
Q

there are 4 Portal-Caval Anastomoses w/in the lower abdomen, what are they ?

A
  • Gastric (P) and Esophageal
  • paraumbilical (P) and epigastric
  • colic (P) and retroperitoneal
  • superior rectal (P) and middle/inferior rectal
27
Q

which venous system of the lower abdomen has no valves and why is this important

A

Portal

-can cause backflow into caval system if hypertension

28
Q

what can be the result of dilated caval veins due to backflow from the portal venous system

A

hemmoroids, vascular rupture, hemmoraging

29
Q

what are the postganglionic sympathetic ganglia called along the abdominal aorta where the preganglionic splanchnic nerves synapse

A

collateral ganglia, paraaortic ganglia, -celiac ganglia

30
Q

where do sympathetic cell bodies from the midgut originate ?

A

T5-T12

31
Q

where do sympathetic cell bodies from the hindgut originate

A

T12-L2

32
Q

where do parasympathetic fibers (cell bodies) for the lower abdomen innervating the proximal 2/3 of the TVC originate

A

CN X

33
Q

where do parasympathetic fibers (cell bodies) innervating the distal 1/3 of the TVC originate

A

S2-S4

34
Q

what is the preganglionic sympathetic nerve fiber innervating T5-T9

A

greater splanchnic n.

35
Q

what is the preganglionic sympathetic nerve fiber innervating T10-T11

A

lesser splanchnic n.

36
Q

what is the preganglionic smpathetic fiber innervating T12

A

least splanchnic n.

37
Q

what is the preganglionic sympathetic fiber innervating the lumbar region

A

lumbar splanchnic nerve

38
Q

what are the 4 major autonomic ganglia associated with the lower abdomen

A
  • celiac ganglion
  • superior mesenteric ganglion
  • aorticorenal ganglion
  • inferior mesenteric ganglion
39
Q

which autonomic ganglion of the lower abdomen receives fibers from the lumbar splanchnic nn. (sympathetics) and S2-S4 branches (parasympathetics)

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

40
Q

what 3 ganglion of the lower abdomen recieve fibers from the thoracic splanchnic nn. (sympathetics) and CN X (parasympathetics)

A
  • celiac ganglion
  • superior mesenteric ganglion
  • aorticorenal ganglion

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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