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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What reflex is absent in spinal shock?

A

Bulbocavernous reflex - contraction of anal sphincter with either squeeze of penis glands, tapping mons pubis or pulling on urethral catheter

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2
Q

With incomplete spinal injuries - what do peruanal sensation, voluntary anal contraction and big toe flexion indicate?

A

Corticospinal motor and spinothalamic tracts

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3
Q

What syndrome can occur with hyperextension injury in cervical spine with osteoarthritis?

A

Central cord syndrome

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4
Q

What type of pelvis fracture occurs with side impact where one half of pelvis is displaced medially, fractures through the pubic rami or ischium are accompanied by a sacral compression fracture or SI joint disrutoion?

A

Lateral compression fracture

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5
Q

What pelvic fracture occurs due to axial force on one hemipelvis where the affected hemipelvis is displaced superiorly, the leg on affected side will appear shorter?

A

Vertical shear force

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6
Q

What is antother term for anteroposterior compression pelvic injury?

A

Open book fracture

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7
Q

What type of pelvic fractures do elderly get?

A

Minimally displaced lateral compression injuries

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8
Q

What is the most common humeral neck fracture pattern?

A

Surgical neck fracture with medial displacement of humeral shaft due to pull of pectoralis major muscle

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9
Q

How are patella nad quadricep tendon tears treated?

A

Surgically

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10
Q

Which way of dislocatgion is more common in the shoulder?

A

Anterior

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11
Q

What dislocation of shoulder occurs after excessive external rotation force or a fall onto back of shoulder?

A

aNterior

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12
Q

What is another term for detatchment of anterior glenoid labrum and capsule in anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Bankart lesion

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13
Q

What is another term for the posterior humeral head impacting on the anterior glenoid producing an impaction fracture of the posterior head?

A

Hill-Sachs lesion

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14
Q

Name a clinical sign of anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Loss of rounded shoulder and loss of sensation in regimentl badge area.

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15
Q

How is shoulder dislocation diagnosed>

A

X-ray

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16
Q

What is mainstay of treatment for anterior dislocaiton of shoulder/

A

Closed reduction under sedation

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17
Q

What dislocation of shoulder will happen on an adducted and internally rotated arm?

A

Posterior

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18
Q

What is injured after a fall onto the point of a shoulder?

A

AC joint

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19
Q

How are most AC fractures treated?

A

Conservatively

20
Q

What nerve is affected in wrist drop and loss of sensation in first dorsal web space?

A

Radial

21
Q

Who do supracondylar fractures usually occur in?

A

Children

22
Q

What occurs after a fall onto the point of elbow with contraction of triceps muscle?

A

Olecranon fracture

23
Q

How are monteggia fractures treated?

A

ORIF

24
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

Extra-articular fracture of distal radius within an inch of the articular surface and with dorsal displacement or angulation

25
Q

Name a local late complication of colles fracture?

A

Rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon

26
Q

What is another name for flexion fracture of radius?

A

Smiths

27
Q

What is a volarly displaced or angulated extra-articular fracture of the distal radiuswhich usually occurs after falling onto back of flexed wrist?

A

Smiths

28
Q

How should all smiths fractures be treated?

A

With ORIF - highly unstable injuries

29
Q

What are the names of intra-articular fractures of distal radius involving the dorsal or voalr rim, where the carpalk bones of the wrist joint sublux?

A

Bartons

30
Q

What is an avulsion of extensor tendon from its insertion into terminal phalynx and is caused by forced flexion of the extended DIPJ, often from ball sport?

A

Mallet finger

31
Q

How are 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals treated?

A

Conservatorly

32
Q

What normally fracutres in a punching injury?

A

5th metacarpal

33
Q

How are extracapsular hip fractures managed?

A

Dynamic hip screw

34
Q

How much blood loss can occur with femoral shaft frac=tures?

A

1.5 litres

35
Q

What tibial plateu fracture will valgus force cause?

A

Lateral

36
Q

What is used to fix tibial plataeu fractures?

A

Plates and screws

37
Q

What is name for distal tibial fracture/

A

Pilon

38
Q

What is the name of the fracture of the base of the 2nd metatarsal associated with dislocation of the base of 2nd metatarsal with or without dislocation of others?

A

Lis franc

39
Q

What is the periosteium like in childrens bones?

A

Much thicker and bendier

40
Q

What Salterharris class is pure physeal seperation?

A

1

41
Q

What Salter Harris class are msot common?

A

2

42
Q

What class of Salter Harris are intraarticular/

A

3 and 4

43
Q

What are bucjkle and greenstick fractures?

A

Childrens distal radius fractures

44
Q

If the patient is unable to make ok sign - what nerves and muscles are affected?

A

;oss of FPL, FDP and median nerve

45
Q

In children less than 2 with femur shaft fractures - what splint is ued?

A

Gallows traction

46
Q

Who are undisplaced spiral fractures of tibial shaft common in?

A

Toddlers

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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