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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the wings of the nose called?

A

Ala

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2
Q

What is the dent between septum and upper lip called?

A

Philtrum (of upper lip)

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3
Q

From the facial aspect - what part of ethmoid bone can be seen?

A

Perpendicular plate

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4
Q

Name the 2 parts of ethmoid bone that make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate and crista galli (peak)

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5
Q

Name the 2 parts of ethmoid bone which make up the lateral wall of nasal cavity?

A

Superior and middle conchae

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6
Q

Name the part of ethmoid bone which makes up the septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (+vomer)

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7
Q

What Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

2 and 3. This leads to danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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8
Q

What is at the back of the lateral wall of right nasal cavity?

A

Palatine bone

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9
Q

What mucosa does the vestibule have?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epitheliium

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10
Q

What mucosa does the middle and superior conchae area have?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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11
Q

In relation to CN1 Olfactory - what pass through the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone, in olfactory mucosa and are the first neurones in chain?

A

Receptor cells

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12
Q

What is the olfactory bulb and what is it made of?

A

Ganglion - cell bodies of 2nd neurones

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13
Q

Where does the olfactory tract end?

A

In temporal lobe

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14
Q

Is the olfactory area on both the lateral wall and the septum?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the anterosuperior part of nasal cavity?

A

Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the posteroinferior part of nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)

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17
Q

What branch of the opthalmic nerve supplies the snterosuperior part of lateral wall and septum?

A

Nasociliary

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18
Q

What branch of the maxillary nerve supplies the posteroinferior part of lateral wall and septum?

A

Nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves

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19
Q

What two arteries branch from external carotid to supply the nasal cavity?

A

Facial and maxillary

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20
Q

What artery branch from internal carotid supplies the nasal cavity?

A

Opthalmic

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21
Q

What two arteries branch off the opthalmic artery to supply the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

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22
Q

What two arteries branch off the maxillary artery to supply the nasal cavities?

A

Sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

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23
Q

What artery branches off facial artery to supply the nasal cavity?

A

Lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery

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24
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

An arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum. A common site of epistaxis.

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25
Q

What four arteries make up Kiesselbach’s area?

A

LEGS

Labial, Ethmoidal, greater palatine and sphenopalatine

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26
Q

Is the inferior conchae part of the ethmoid bone?

A

NO

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27
Q

What is hte floor of the nasal cavity formed from?

A

Left and right maxillae and palatine bones (posteriorly)

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28
Q

What allows draiange of mucus from the paranasal sinuses?

A

Ostia - holes in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls

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29
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled spaces within bones

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30
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain to?

A

The middle meatus

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31
Q

Where do the ethmoidal cells drain to?

A

Superior and middle meatuses

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32
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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33
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain into?

A

Middle meatus

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34
Q

What does the lacrimal gland produce?

A

Tears

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35
Q

Where do tears drain?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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36
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to?

A

Inferior meatus of nasal cavity

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37
Q

What sinus is predisposed to inflammation?

A

Maxillary sinus

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38
Q

What might extraction of a tooth result in?

A

Oro-antral fistula

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39
Q

What function do organs of the temporal bone do?

A

Hearing and balance - special sensory

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40
Q

What nerves does the temporal bone contain?

A

Facial 7

Vestibulocochlear 8

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41
Q

What is the pterion (suture)?

A

The thinnest part of the skull

42
Q

What are the two parts of the temporal bone?

A

Squamous - more anterosuperior

Petrous - more posteroinferior

43
Q

What is the name of the hole in the lateral side of petrous part of temporal bone?

A

External acoustic meatus

44
Q

What cranial nerves are damaged in a base of skull fracture involving the temporal bone?

A

7 and 8

45
Q

What three bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

46
Q

What two bones make up middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid and temporal

47
Q

What is the foramen for the olfactory nerve?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

48
Q

What nerve goes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve II

49
Q

What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, Va and VI

50
Q

What foramen does Vb go through?

A

Foramen rotundum

51
Q

What foramen does Vc go through

A

Foramen ovale

52
Q

What nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

VII and VIII

53
Q

What cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X and XI

54
Q

What goes through hypoglossal canal?

A

XII

55
Q

What part of the ear involves the auricle to tympanic membrane?

A

External ear

56
Q

How does the external ear connect with the middle ear?

A

Through external acoustic meatus

57
Q

What part of the ear collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane (ear drum)?

A

External ear

58
Q

What part of the ear is between the tympanic membrane and oval window?

A

Middle ear and eutachian tube

59
Q

What part of the ear amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear?

A

Middle ear

60
Q

What does the internal ear run between?

A

Oval window to internal acoustic meatus (VII and VIII)

61
Q

What part of the ear converts special sensory information into fluid waves, APs and conducts APs to brain?

A

Internal ear

62
Q

What tract seperates the squamous part of temporal bone from petrous part?

A

External acoustic meatus

63
Q

What does the external acoustic meatus produce?

A

Earwax via ceruminous glands

64
Q

What is the top of the ear called?

A

Helix

65
Q

What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the superior parts of EAM and most of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN V3 (mandibular)

66
Q

What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the inferior parts of EAM and tympanic membrane?

A

CN X (vagus)

67
Q

Where does lymph drain from lateral surface of superior half of auricle?

A

Parotid lymph nodes

68
Q

Where does lymph from cranial surface of superior half of auricle drain?

A

Mastoid lymph nodes (and deep cervical)

69
Q

Where does lymph from the rest of auricle invluding the lobe drain?

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

70
Q

Where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain?

A

Deep cervical lymph node (in carotid sheath), then thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and finally the venous angle

71
Q

How do you examine the ear of a child (EAM is short and straight)?

A

Pull auricle posteroinferiorly

72
Q

How do you exmine the ear of an adult (EAM is curved)?

A

Pull auricle posterosuperiorly

73
Q

What is the name of the most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane?

A

Umbo

74
Q

What is the name of the thin part of the tympanic membrane superiorly?

A

Pars flaccida

75
Q

What is the name of the thick part of the tympanic membrane posteroinferiorly?

A

Pars tensa

76
Q

What nerve supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Mostly CN V3 (auriculotemporal branch)

77
Q

What nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN IX

78
Q

What nerve supplies the middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

79
Q

What connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

Eustachian tube

80
Q

What nerve supplies sensory function to laryngopharynx?

A

Vagus CN X

81
Q

What is the name of the group of bones in the middle ear and how do they articulate?

A

Auditory ossicles via synovial joints

82
Q

Name the three auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

83
Q

What is the name of the space superior to hte tympanic membrane?

A

Epitympanic recess

84
Q

Where does the base (footplate) of the stapes fit into?

A

The oval window

85
Q

What does the handle of the malleus (adherent to the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane create)?

A

The umbo

86
Q

What is the name of the doorway into the mastoid antrum from the epitympanic recess?

A

Aditus

87
Q

What three tracts does the facial nerve go down?

A

Internal acoustic meatus, facial canal of petrous temporal bone (connects IAM and stylomastoid foramen) and stylomastoid foramen

88
Q

What branch of the facial nerve supplies taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

89
Q

What is the name of the smallest skeletal muscle in the body - supplied by the facial nerve?

A

stapedius

90
Q

What is the role of the small skeletal muscle stapedius?

A

Reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise

91
Q

What does the chorda tympani (branch of CN VII) connect to?

A

Lingual nerve branch of CN V3

92
Q

the CN VII parasympathetic axons supply what?

A

Submandibular and salivary gland

93
Q

What is the name of the forehead muscle?

A

Frontalis

94
Q

How is the muscles of facial expression tested?

A

By asking patient to frown, close eyes, smile and puff out cheeks

95
Q

What are the two parts of CN VIII?

A

Cochlear - hearing

Vestibular - balance

96
Q

Where does the dense otic capsule sit?

A

In temporal bone

97
Q

What does the bony labrynth inside the otic capsule contain?

A

Perilymph and endolypmh

98
Q

What is the name of the apex of spiral in otic capsule?

A

Cupula (part of cochlea)

99
Q

What nerve conducts APs from the cochlear duct in the internal ear?

A

Cochlear nerve

100
Q

What nerve conducts APs from the semicircular ducts in the internal ear?

A

Vestibular nerve

101
Q

Where do cranial nerves 7 and 8 connect with the brainstem?

A

At junction between pons and medulla

102
Q

What nerve is damaged if there is reduced general sensation in the auricle immediately posterior to the tragus?

A

Facial nerve

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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