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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Pelvic viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvis?

A
  1. Pelvic inlet (superiorly)
  2. Pelvic wall (anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally)
  3. Pelvic floor (inferiorly)
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2
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

A

Parietal branches:

  • Superior/inferior gluteal arteries (buttocks/gluteal region)
  • Obturator artery (inner leg)
  • Internal pudendal artery (perineum)

Visceral branches:

  • Superior/inferior vesical arteries (bladder)
  • Middle rectal artery
  • Uterine artery (uterus)
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3
Q

What are the peritoneal reflections in females?

A
  1. Recto- uterine pouch (of Douglas)
  2. Vesico-uterine pouch
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4
Q

What is the peritoneal reflection in males?

A

Rectovesical pouch

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5
Q

What structure make up the pelvic walls?

A

Bones:

  1. Hip (innominate) bone – Ilium, pubis, ischium
  2. Sacrum
  3. Coccyx

Muscles:

  1. Piriformis
  2. Obturator internus

Ligaments:

  1. Sacrospinous ligament
  2. Sacrotuberous ligament
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6
Q

Which muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • Levator ani
  • Coccygeus
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7
Q

What are the surfaces if the bladder?

A
  • Superior
  • Base
  • Inferolateral (x2)
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8
Q

What is the smooth muscle in the wall of the baldder called?

A

Detrusor muscle

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9
Q

What are corners of the bladder?

A
  • Apex: Attaches to the median umbilical ligament
  • Lateral horns: Attachments of the ureters
  • Inferior horn: Attachment of the urethra
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10
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the neck of the bladder?

A
  • Men: Puboprostatic ligaments
  • Women: Pubovesical ligaments
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11
Q

What is the blood supply to the bladder?

A

Arterial:

  • Superior/inferior vesical arteries (from internal iliac)
  • Uterine artery (female)

Venous;

  • Vesical plexus (internal iliac veins)
  • Prostatic plexus (males)
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12
Q

What is the innervation of the bladder?

A
  • Parasympathetic: Pelvic splanchic (S2-4)
  • Sympathetic: L1-2 (male, closes bladder neck during ejaculaton)
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13
Q

Where does the rectum begin?

A

S3

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14
Q

What is the structure of the rectum?

A
  • Valves of Houston: Made up of mucosa and circular muscle
  • Covered anteriorly and posteriorly by 2 bands of longitudinal muscle
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15
Q

How long is the rectum?

A

12 cm

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16
Q

What are the peritoneal relationships of the rectum?

A

Superior 1/3: Anterior and lateral

Middle 1/3: Anterior only

Inferior 1/3: No peritoneum

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17
Q

What is the pathway of the rectum?

A
  • Begins as continuation as sigmoid colon
  • Turns anteriorly at coccyx
  • Turns posteriorly at pelvic diaphragm
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18
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum?

A
  • Superior rectal artery
  • Middle rectal artery
19
Q

What is the innervation of the rectum?

A
  • Parasympathetic: Pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)
  • Sympathetic: L1-2
20
Q

What are the structures present in the verumontanum?

A
  • Prostatic utricle
  • Ejaculatory ducts
  • Prostatic ducts
21
Q

What is the blood supply of the prostate glands?

A

Arterial:

  1. Inferior vesical artery

2 Middle rectal artery

  1. Internal pudendal artery

Venous: Prostatic plexus

22
Q

What structures does the vas deferens pass on along its path?

A
  • Inguinal canal (superficial/deep ring, in spermatic cord)
  • Inferior epigastric vessels (anterior)
  • External iliac vessels (posterior)
  • Medial umbilical ligament (posterior)
  • Obturator neurovascular bundle
23
Q

What is the blood supply of the vas deferens?

A

Artery to the vas (superior vesical artery)

24
Q

What is the innervation of the vas deferens?

A
  • Intrapelvic: Pelvic splanchnic
  • Spermatic cord: Same as testes
25
Q

What is the blood supply of the seminal vesicles?

A

Inferior vesical arteries

26
Q

What is the innervation of the seminal vesicles?

A

Pelvic splanchnic

27
Q

What is the structure of the testes?

A
  • Elipsoid shaped structures suspended in scrotum by spermatic cords.
  • Covered by thick layer of connective tissue called tunica albuginea.
  • Anterior/lateral surfaces covered by double fold of peritoneum called the tunica vaginalis.
28
Q

What is the blood supply of the testes?

A
  • Arterial: Testicular arteries
  • Venous: Pampinfiorm plexus → Testicular veins
29
Q

What is the innervation of the testes?

A
  • Parasympathetic: None
  • Sympathetic: T10
30
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testes?

A

Para-aortic nodes

31
Q

What is the structure of the epididymis?

A
  • Head
  • Body
  • Tail
32
Q

What is the structure of the uterus?

A
  1. Fundus: Superior part
  2. Body: Lateral part below where fallopian tubes connect.
  3. Cornua: Where the fallopian tubes attach.
  4. Isthmus: Narrowing of uterus before cervix.
  5. Cervix: Where the uterus connects to the vagina.
33
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus?

A

Arterial:

  • Uternine arteries
  • Ovarian arteries

Venous:

  • Rectal venous plexus
  • Vesical venous plexus
34
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus?

A
  • Parasympathetic: Pelvic splanchnic
  • Sympathetic: T10-L1
35
Q

What is the position of the uterus described as?

A

Anteflexed

36
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the ovaries?

A
  • Suspensory ligament: Extends from ovaries to pelvic walls and transmits ovarian arteries, veins and nerves.
  • Ligament of the ovaries: Extends from the junction between uterus/fallopian tubes and ovaries
  • Mesovarium: Attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament
  • Mesosalphinx: Mesentery between the ovary and the fallopian tube
37
Q

What is the blood supply of the ovaries?

A

Arterial: Ovarian arteries

Venous: Ovarian veins

38
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

A

Para-aortic nodes

39
Q

What are the ligaments associatedw with the uterus?

A
  • Broad ligament
  • Round ligament
  • Ligament of the ovary
  • Pubocervical ligament
  • Cardinal ligament
  • Uterosacral ligament
40
Q

What are the lateral curvatures associated with the rectum?

A
  • Right: Upper and lower curvatures
  • Left: Middle curvature
41
Q

How can the rectum distend?

A
  • Upper 2/3: Distends into abdominal cavity
  • Lower 1/3: Distends into ischioanal fossa
42
Q

What are the different fuctions of the autonomic nerve supply to the rectum?

A
  • Sympathetic:
    1. Contracts smooth muscle sphincter
    2. Relaxes bowel
    3. Transmits pain
  • Parasympathetic:
    1. Reaxes smooth muscle sphincter
    2. Contracts bowel
    3. Transmits ‘fullness’ sensation
43
Q

What is the name of the fascia between the rectum and the prostate?

A

Rectoprostatic (Denonvillier’s) fascia

44
Q

What is the remnants of the mesonephric duct in females?

A

Epoöphoron (in the mesosalphinx)

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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