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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Anterior: Midline of the neck
  • Posterior: Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Superior: Lower border of mandible
  • Inferior: Suprasternal notch
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2
Q

What are the divisions of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Digastric triangle
  • Muscular triangle
  • Carotid triangle
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3
Q

What are the contents of the digastric triangle?

A

Submandibular glands

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4
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A
  • Common/internal carotid arteries (no branches)
  • External carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
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5
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Thyroid/parathyroid glands
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus
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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Anterior: Posterior border of sterncleidomastoid
  • Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius
  • Inferior: Middle 1/3 of clavicle
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7
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Roots and trunks of the brachial plexus
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Cervical plexus
  • Accessory nerve (XI)
  • Subclavian artery
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8
Q

What are the compartments of the neck?

A
  • Visceral compartment: Contains the endocrine glands, oesophagus and trachea.
  • Vertebral compartment: Vertebrae, nerves and muscles of the vertebrae.
  • Vascular compartment: Contains the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve.
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9
Q

What is the muscle within the superficial fascia of the neck?

A

Platysma

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10
Q

What are the important fascia in the neck?

A
  • Investing layer of deep tracheal fascia
  • Pretracheal fascia
  • Prevertebral fascia
  • Carotid sheath
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11
Q

What are the attachments of the investing layer?

A

Superior: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line.
Lateral: Mastoid process.
- Inferior: Spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle, manubrium.

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the pre-tracheal fascia?

A

Thyroid cartilage, 2nd-4th tracheal rings, hyoid bone.

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13
Q

What are the attachments of the pre-vertebral fascia?

A

Superior: Forms circular ring around base of skull; attaching anteriorally to basilar part of occipital bone, laterally to mastoid process and posteriorally to ligamentum nuchae.

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14
Q

What are the relations of structures in the carotid sheath?

A
  • Lateral: Internal jugular vein
  • Anteromedial: Common carotid artery
  • Posteromedial: Vagus nerve
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15
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

C4

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16
Q

What is the retropharyngeal space?

A
  • Space bound by buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and pre-vertebral fascia posteriorly.
  • Connection between neck and thorax through which infections can spread.
17
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Digastric
  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
18
Q

What is the arterial supply to the thyroid artery?

A
  • Superior thyroid artery (branch of external carotid artery): Bifurcates into superior/inferior glandular branches
  • Inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk, from subclavian artery): Bifurcates into the inferior branch and the ascending branch (supplies the parathyroid glands)
  • Thyroid ima artery
19
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid artery?

A
  • Superior thyroid vein (internal jugular vein)
  • Middle thyroid vein (internal jugular vein)
  • Inferior thyroid vein (left brachiocephalic vein)
20
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the neck?

A
  • The superficial cervical lymph nodes are associated with the external jugular vein.
  • The deep cervical lymph nodes are associated with the internal jugular vein.
  • The deep cervical lymph nodes are separated into the upper and lower groups by the tendon of the omohyoid.
  • The most prominent upper node is the jugulodigastric node draining the tongue, tonsils, thyroid, lower pharynx, larynx.
  • The most prominent lower node is the jugulo-omohyoid node draining the thyroid, larynx and oesophagus.
21
Q

What is the composition of the carotid sheath?

A
  • Areolar tissue

- Strong over carotid arteries and weak over internal jugular vein to allow for distension

22
Q

What are the major sympathetic ganglia in the neck?

A
  • Inferior cervical ganglion: Fuses with upper thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion. Forms plexus associated with the subclavian artery.
  • Middle cervical ganglion: Closely associated with inferior thyroid artery.
  • Superior cervical ganglion: Lies opposite atlas/axis and forms plexuses associated with the internal/external carotid arteries.
  • All 3 ganglia give branches to the cardiac plexuses.
23
Q

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

C1-C3 (ansa cervicalis)

24
Q

What are the relations of the thyroid to the trachea?

A

Lies between 2nd and 4th tracheal cartilage

25
Q

What are the origins of the external jugular vein?

A
  • Retromandibular vein

- Posterior auricular vein

26
Q

What are the surface markings of the internal jugular vein?

A

Ear lobe to sternoclavicular joint

27
Q

What are the surface markings of the external jugular vein?

A

Ear lobe to midpoint of clavicle

28
Q

What are the surface markings of the accessory nerve?

A

Line from 1/3 down posterior border of sternocleidomastoid to line 1/3 up anterior border of trapezius

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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