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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Anterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A
  • Left/right hypochondrium
  • Epigastric
  • Left/right lumbar
  • Umbilical
  • Left/right iliac fossa
  • Suprapubic
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2
Q

What are the 2 longitudinal planes dividing the abdomen?

A

Mid-clavicular lines

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3
Q

What are the 2 transverse planes dividing the abdomen ?

A
  • Subcostal plane (L2)
  • Intertubercular plane (L4)
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4
Q

On slim individual, where does the umbilicus lie?

A

Opposite L3 vertebrae

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5
Q

What are the 2 layers of fascia overlying the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Camper’s fascia (superficial): Fatty layer which is continuous with dartos fascia of scrotum in men.
  2. Scarpa’s fascia (deep): Membranous layer which is continuous with superficial perineal (Colles’) fascia.
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6
Q

What structures are located in the transpyloric plane?

A

Spinal:

  • L1 vertebrae
  • End of spinal cord

Vascular:

  • Origin of the SMA
  • Origin of hepatic portal vein

Visceral:

  • Hila of the kidneys
  • Pylorus of the stomach
  • Neck of the pancreas
  • Duodenojejunal flexure
  • Fundus of gallbladder

Bony:

  • Tip of 9th costal cartilage
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7
Q

Which muscles are found in the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis
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8
Q

What are the origins and insertions of external oblique?

A

Origin: Lower 8 ribs.

Insertions:

  1. ASIS and pubic tubercle (via inguinal ligament).
  2. Linea alba (forms anterior rectus sheath).
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9
Q

What is the innervation and function of the external oblique?

A

Innervation: (T7-12)

Functions:

  1. Compression of abdomen
  2. Flexion of trunk
  3. Bending of trunk
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10
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the internal oblique?

A

Origins:

  1. Thoracolumbar fascia
  2. Anterior 2/3 iliac crest
  3. Lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament

Insertions:

  1. Linea alba (via rectus sheath)
  2. Pubic crest
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11
Q

What is the innervation and function of the internal oblique?

A

Innervation:

  • Lower 6 intercostal nerves (T7 – 12)
  • L1 (ilioinguinal nerve)

Functions:

  • Compression of abdomen
  • Flexion of trunk
  • Bending of trunk
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12
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the transversus abdominis?

A

Origins:

  • Lower 6 costal cartilages
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Anterior 2/3 iliac crest
  • Lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament

Insertions:

  • Linea alba (via posterior rectus sheath)
  • Pubic crest (via conjoint tendon)
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13
Q

What is the innervation and function of the transversus abdomins?

A

Innervation:

  • Lower 6 intercostal nerves (T7 – 12)
  • L1 (ilioinguinal nerve)

Functions:

  • Compression of the abdomen
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14
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the rectus abdominis?

A

Origins:

  • Medial head (tendinous): Pubic symphysis
  • Lateral head (muscular): Pubic crest

Insertions:

  • 5th - 7th costal cartilages
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15
Q

What is the innervation and function of the rectus abdominis?

A

Innervation:

  • T7-12

Functions:

  • Compression of abdomen
  • Flexion of vertebral column
  • Accessory muscle of expiration
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16
Q

Which muscles form the conjoint tendon?

A
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
17
Q

What is the roof and floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Roof: Conjoint tendon

Floor: Inguinal and lacunar ligament

18
Q

What is the anterior and posterior walls of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior:

  • External oblique aponeurosis
  • Inguinal ligament (at origin of internal oblique) Posterior:
  • Medial: Conjoint tendon
  • Lateral: Transversalis fascia
19
Q

What is the roof and floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Roof: Conjoint tendon

Floor: Inguinal and lacunar ligament

20
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

A
  • Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • Pubic tubercle
21
Q

What are the relations of the inguinal rings?

A
  • Deep inguinal ring: Midline of the inguinal ligament
  • Superficial inguinal ring: Medial to the inferior epigastric artery
22
Q

What is the structure of the rectus sheath?

A
  • In the upper abdomen, the aponeuronsis of the internal oblique divides into 2 layers, one anterior and one posterior to the rectus abdominis, forming rectus sheath.
  • The aponeurosis of the external oblique fuses with the anterior layer.
  • The aponeurosis of the internal oblique fuses with the posterior layer.
  • 3-4 cm below umbilicus, aponeurosis of all 3 muscles become anterior to rectus abdominis.
  • Free edge of the posterior rectus sheath is called the arcuate line.
23
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • Superior epigastric artery
  • Inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery and anastomoses with superior epigastric)
  • Runs on posterior surface of rectus abdominis and anterior to posterior rectus sheath (above arcuate line)
  • Runs medial to deep inguinal ring
24
Q

What are the locationsof the 3 transverse tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis?

A
  1. Xephisternum
  2. Between xephisternum and umbilicus
  3. At umbilicus
25
Q

What is the location of the subcostal neurovascular bundle?

A

Between internal oblique and transversus abdominis

26
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Females: Round ligament
  • Males: Spermatic cord
27
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

Arteries:

  • Testicular artery
  • Artery to the vas deferens
  • Cremasteric artery

Veins:

  • Pampiniform plexus

Nerves:

  • Genitofemoral nerve (genital branch)
  • Testicular nerve
  • Ilioinguinal nerve (outside cord laterally)

Other structures:

  • Vas deferens
  • Lymphatics
  • Tunica vaginalis
28
Q

What is the lymphatic drainiage of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Above umbilicus: Pectoral nodes (axillary nodes)
  • Below umbilicus: Superficial inguinal nodes
29
Q

Where is McBurney’s point?

A
  • Base of appendix
  • 1/3 along line from ASIS to umbilicus
30
Q

What are the types of abdominal incisions?

A
  • Longitudinal incisions (e.g. midline, paramedian)
  • Muscle-splitting incisions
  • Subcostal incisions
  • Suprapubic incisions
31
Q

What are the criteria for selecting type of incision?

A
  • Adequate exposure
  • Access to desired organs
  • Minimising injury to muscles
  • Minimising wound healing time
32
Q

What is the linea semilunaris?

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis

33
Q

What is responsible for the ‘six pack’?

A

Tendinous intersections between rectus abdominis and the external oblique aponeurosis.

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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