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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

In the gluteal region - what are the superficial muscle group?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

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2
Q

What function do the gluteal region superficial muscles give?

A

Extensors, abductors, and medial rotators of thigh

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3
Q

What nerves innervate the gluteal region superficial muscle group?

A

Superior gluteal

Inferior gluteal - gluteus maximus

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4
Q

What muscles make up the gluteal region deep muscle group?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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5
Q

What function do the gluteal region deep muscle group have?

A

Lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the deep muscle group of gluteal region?

A

Sacral plexus

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7
Q

In the gluteal region - how to nerves enter and exit pelvis and perineum?

A

Via greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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8
Q

What ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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9
Q

What is the largest nerve in hte body?

A

Sciatic (L4-S3)

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10
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

Posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin

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11
Q

What is the principal nerve to perineum?>

A

Pudendal (S2-S4)

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12
Q

What nerve supplies skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

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13
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve usually exit?

A

Inferior to piriformis

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14
Q

Does the sciatic nerve supply anything in the gluteal region?

A

Nothing

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15
Q

What does the sciatic nerve seperate into in distal thigh?

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular

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16
Q

What is a fasciotomy used for?

A

To relieve compartment syndroe

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17
Q

What are the three compartments of thigh?

A

Anterior, medial and posterior

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18
Q

What are three compartments of leg?

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral compartments

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19
Q

What nerve supplies anterior compartment of thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4) for all apart from psoas major (L1-L3)

20
Q

What nerves supply medial compartment of thigh?

A

All obturator nerve (L2-L4) apart from hamstring part of adductor magnus which is tibial nerve

21
Q

What function does the posterior compartment of thigh have?

A

Extensors of thigh and flexors of legs

22
Q

Name the three muscles in posterior compartment of thigh?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

23
Q

What is the nerve supply to posterior compartment of thigh?

A

All tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) apart from short head biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic)

24
Q

What compartment of leg gives dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toe?

A

Anterior

25
Q

What are the four muscles of anterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

26
Q

What nerve supplies anterior compartment of leg muscles?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

27
Q

What compartment of leg everts foot and weakly plantarflex ankle?

A

Lateral

28
Q

What two muscles are in lateral compartment of leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

29
Q

What nerve supplies lateral compartment of leg?

A

Sueprficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

30
Q

What do the superficial group of posterior compartment of leg do?

A

Plantarflexors of ankle

31
Q

Name the three superficial group muscles in posterior compartment of leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

32
Q

What are superficial group muscles in posterior compartment of leg innervated by?

A

Tibial nerve

33
Q

What group of muscles in posterior compartment of leg are flexors of toes and plantarflexors of ankle?

A

Deep group

34
Q

Name the four deep group muscles in posterior compartment of leg?

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

35
Q

What nerve innervates deep group muscles in posterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibial nerve

36
Q

What are the four boundariesof popliteal fossa?

A

Superolaterally - biceps femoris
Superomedially - semimembranosus
Inferiorly - gastrocnemius
roof - popliteal fascia

37
Q

What is the contents of popliteal fossa?

A

Fat, terminal small saphenous vein, popliteal vessels, tibial nad common fibular nerves

38
Q

Name three ligaments in the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

39
Q

What is the ligamentum teres and what joint is it found in?

A

Ligament to head of femur - hip joint

40
Q

Name three arteries that supply the hip joint?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Artery to head of femur - branch of obturator

41
Q

Name three extracapsular ligaments in knee joint?

A

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament

42
Q

Name two intra-articular ligaments in knee joint?

A

Anterior cruciate

Posterior cruciate

43
Q

Name two menisci ligaments found in knee joint?

A

Medial and lateral

44
Q

Name thickest and strongest tendon in body?

A

Achilles - calcaneal tendon

45
Q

What makes up achilles tendon?

A

Tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus coming together

46
Q

Where does calcaneal tendon attach distally?

A

To calcaneal tuberosity of calcaneus

47
Q

What does the ankle jerk reflex test?

A

S1, S2 nerve roots

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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