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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

The point at which the clavicle attaches to the acromion process.

A

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

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2
Q

An injury caused by distraction of the clavicle away form the acromion process of the scapula.

A

Acromioclavicular (AC) separation

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3
Q

The tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and shoulder musculature.

A

acromion process

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4
Q

The ridges between the teeth, which are covered with thickened connective tissue and epithelium; also called aveolar ridges.

A

alveolar arch

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5
Q

A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue that is part of the intervertebal disk.

A

anulus fibrosus

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6
Q

The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.

A

appendicular skeleton

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7
Q

The formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.

A

appositional growth.

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8
Q

The first cervical (C1), which provides support for the head.

A

atlas

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9
Q

The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage.

A

axial skeleton

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10
Q

The second cervical vertebra, the point that allows the head to turn.

A

axis

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11
Q

Bruising over the mastoid process, usually from a basilar skull fracture.

A

Battle sign

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12
Q

Specialized tissue found within bone that manufactures most erythrocytes.

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

Grinding together of the upper and lower teeth.

A

bruxism

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14
Q

A ballooning of an intervertebral disk without frank herniation.

A

bulging disk

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15
Q

Small fluid-filled sacs located between a tendon and a bone help lubricate two surfaces that are rubbing against each other.

A

bursae

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16
Q

The heel bone.

A

calcaneus

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17
Q

The zone of repair in which a mass of exudates and connective tissue forms around a break in a bone and converts to bone during healing.

A

callus

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18
Q

A minute canal in a bone.

A

canaliculi

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19
Q

Bone that is made up of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae.

A

cancellous bone

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20
Q

compression of the median nerve within the carpel canal at the wrist.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

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21
Q

The bones of the wrist; also forms they include the scaphoid, lunate, trequetrum, pisiformm, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.

A

carpals

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22
Q

The support structure of the skeletal system that provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear.

A

cartilage

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23
Q

The most serious disk rupture that occurs when nuclear material protrudes straight back into the spinal canal, potentially compressing neurologic elements and causing neurologic injury.

A

central disk herniation

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24
Q

fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges.

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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25
Q

The seven smallest vertebrae, found in the neck.

A

cervical vertebrae

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26
Q

Cells that produce cartilage.

A

chondroblasts

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27
Q

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula.

A

clavicle

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28
Q

cells that produce cartilage.

A

chondroblasts

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29
Q

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula.

A

clavicle

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30
Q

A fracture in which the bone; ends have not been exposed by a break through the skin.

A

closed fracture

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31
Q

The tailbone

A

coccyx

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32
Q

Bone that is mostly solid, with few spaces.

A

compact bone

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33
Q

A fracture of a vertebral body associated with collapse of the body.

A

compression fracture

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34
Q

The point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone.

A

coronal suture

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35
Q

Inflammation of the costal cartilage, which attaches the ribs to the sternum.

A

costochondritis

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36
Q

The point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone.

A

coronal suture

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37
Q

The bones that encase and protect the brain, including, the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bone.

A

cranium

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38
Q

A grinding sound or sensation.

A

crepitus

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39
Q

Horizontal bones perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity.

A

cribriform plates

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40
Q

A progression form of arthritis that causess deterioration of the intervertebral disk.

A

degenerative disk disease

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41
Q

The shaft of a long bone.

A

diaphysis

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42
Q

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and are not in anatomic alignment.

A

displaced fracture

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43
Q

A state of abnormally small bones.

A

dwarfism

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44
Q

The growth of cartilage in the physis (epiphyseal plate) which is eventually replaced by bone.

A

endochondral growth

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45
Q

A layer that lines the inner surfaces of bone.

A

endosteum

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46
Q

An inflammation of the muscles of the elbow joint; it also forms part of the eye orbits.

A

epicondylitis

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47
Q

The growth plate of a long bone.

A

epiphyses

48
Q

The main supporting structure of the nasal cavities; it also forms part of the eye orbits

A

ethmoid bone

49
Q

An opening in the temporal bone that contains the ear canal.

A

external acoustic meatus

50
Q

The maxillae, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, and mandible.

A

facial skeleton

51
Q

The thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body.

A

femur

52
Q

Cells that secrete proteins and collagen to form connective tissue between broken bone ends and at other sites of injury throughout the body.

A

fibroblasts

53
Q

The long bone of the lateral aspect of the lower leg.

A

fibula

54
Q

Types of bone that are relatively thin and flattened.

A

flat bones

55
Q

The large opening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord.

A

foramen magnum

56
Q

Small openings, perforations, or orifaces in the bones of the cranial vault.

A

foramina

57
Q

A break in the continuity of a bone.

A

fracture

58
Q

The bone that forms the forehead and part of the roof of the nasal cavity.

A

frontal bone

59
Q

A state of bony overgrowth.

A

gigantism

60
Q

The bony belts that attach the extremities to the axial skeleton.

A

girdles

61
Q

The part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder.

A

glenoid fossa

62
Q

The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, articulates with the femoral head.

A

acetabulum

63
Q

The units of compact bone consisting of a tube (haversian canal) with the laminae of bone that surrounds them.

A

haversian system

64
Q

A tear in the anulus fibrosus that results in leakage of the nucleus pulposus, most commonly against exiting nerve roots.

A

herniated disk

65
Q

The supporting bone of the upper arm.

A

humerus

66
Q

A mineral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along with collagen, comprises the structural element of bone.

A

hydroxypatite

67
Q

The bone that supports the tongue and its muscle.

A

hyoid bone

68
Q

One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

A

ilium

69
Q

Scroll-shaped bones attached to the lateral nasal cavity walls that support the mucous membranes.

A

inferior nasal conchae

70
Q

A mass of fibrocartilage between each vertebral body of the spine, composed of the anulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus.

A

intervertebral disk

71
Q

The opening between each vertebra through which the spinal (peripheral) nerves pass from the spinal cord.

A

intervertebral foramina

72
Q

One of the three bones that come together, allowing movement to occur.

A

joint

73
Q

One of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

A

ischium

74
Q

Outward curve of the thoracic spine.

A

kyphosis

75
Q

Bones that make up part of the eye orbits and contain the tear sacs.

A

lacrimal bones

76
Q

The point where the occipital bones attach to the parietal bones.

A

lambdoid suture

77
Q

Thin sheets or layers into which bone tissue is organized.

A

lamellae

78
Q

An enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint.

A

lateral malleolus

79
Q

Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones; they support and strengthen a joint.

A

ligaments

80
Q

Type of bone that is longer than it is wide.

A

long bones

81
Q

Inward curve of the lumbar spine just above the buttocks; an exaggerated form of lordosis results in the condition known as swayback.

A

lordosis

82
Q

The femurs, tibias, fibulas, patellae, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

A

Lower limbs

83
Q

The five vertebrae of the lower back.

A

lumbar vertebrae

84
Q

The bone of the lower jaw; the only moveable bone in the face.

A

manible

85
Q

A prominent bony mass at the base of the skull behind the ear.

A

mastoid process

86
Q

The bones that make up the upper jaw.

A

maxillae

87
Q

The distal end of the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint.

A

medial malleolus

88
Q

The internal cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow.

A

medullary cavity

89
Q

The three layers of membranes, the dura mater arachnoid, and pia mater, that surround the brain.

A

meninges

90
Q

Shock-absorbed fibrocartilage pads within some synovial joints.

A

menisci

91
Q

The bones of the palms of the hand.

A

metacarpals

92
Q

The area of a long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge; where the physis (epiphyseal plate) is located.

A

metaphysis

93
Q

The bones on the soles of the feet; they form the foot arches.

A

metatarsals

94
Q

The thin, delicate bones that joint to form the bridge of the nose.

A

nasal bones

95
Q

The rigid partition composed of bone and cartilage that separates the right and left nostrils.

A

nasal septum

96
Q

A fractured bone that has not moved of each intervertebral disk.

A

nucleus pulposus

97
Q

A gelatinous mass that makes up the center of each intervertebral disk.

A

nucleus pulposus

98
Q

A fracture that forms an angle to the shaft.

A

oblique fracture

99
Q

The bone that forms the back and base of the cranium.

A

occipital bone

100
Q

Articular surface on the occipital bone where the skull articulates with the atlas on the vertebral column.

A

occipital condyles

101
Q

A fracture in which a bone end has penetrated the skin; also called a compound fracture.

A

open fracture

102
Q

Bony cavities in the frontal skull that enclose and protect the eyes.

A

orbits

103
Q

The tree small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes.

A

ossicles

104
Q

The formation of bone by osteoblasts.

A

ossification

105
Q

Bone forming cells.

A

osteoblasts

106
Q

Large multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue and play a major role in bone remodeling.

A

osteoclasts

107
Q

An osteoblast that becomes surrounded by bony matrix; a mature bone cell.

A

osteocyte

108
Q

A genetic bone disease that results in fragile bones.

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

109
Q

An abnormal softening of bones because of a loss of calcium.

A

osteomyelitis

110
Q

Units within a compact bone in which blood vessels are located; also called the haversian system.

A

osteons

111
Q

A reduction in the quantity of bony tissue.

A

osteoporosis

112
Q

Irregularly shaped bones found in the posterior part of the nasal cavity.

A

palatine bones

113
Q

The sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in the front of the head, that are lined with mucous membrane and drain into the nasal cavity; the frontal and maxillary sinuses.

A

paranasal sinuses

114
Q

Bones that form the upper sides and roof of the cranium.

A

parietal bones

115
Q

The kneecap

A

patella

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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