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► Med - Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

A term that indicates a function similar to endocrine except they have their effects on the very same cell?

A

Autocrine

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2
Q

The abbreviated name for a group used to inhibit prostaglandins production

A

NSAIDs

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3
Q

These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with menstrual cycle?

A

Prostaglandins

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4
Q

Which type of diabetes mellitus is related to fat catabolism?

A

Type I Diabetes

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5
Q

A second messenger activates protein kinase A?

A

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)

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6
Q

Produced by leukocytes and mast cells, these fatty acids regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response.

A

Leukotriene

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7
Q

What effect does the down-regulation of its receptors have on sensitivity that a cell demonstrates towards a specific hormone?

A

It decreases

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8
Q

A term that indicates a gland that produces hormones?

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced?

A

Parathyroid Gland

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10
Q

Where is vasopressin (VP) stored and released?

A

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)

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11
Q

What must a hormone bind in order to have its effect?

A

Receptor

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12
Q

Which compound activates G proteins?

A

Guanosine Triphosphate

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13
Q

What is another name for calcitriol?

A

Vitamin D

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14
Q

Which type of diabetes is “insulin dependent?”

A

Type II Diabetes

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15
Q

What is the major function of Somatostatin?

A

Inhibits the release of Growth Hormone

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16
Q

A hormone that causes the stomach to produce more acid?

A

Gastrin

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17
Q

From which compound are the eicosanoids derived?

A

Arachidonic Acid

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18
Q

How does the hypocortisolism effect body weight?

A

It decreases it

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19
Q

How does hypocortisolism effect blood pressure?

A

It decreases it

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20
Q

A hormone that causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate ion into the duodenum?

A

Secretin

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21
Q

What is the major function of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)?

A

Releases corticotropin

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22
Q

Hormones from the adrenal medulla that increases anxiety?

A

Epinepherine & Norepinepherine

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23
Q

Which type of diabetes mellitus is more common?

A

Type II Diabetes

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24
Q

What type of diabetes is “insulin dependent?”

A

Type I Diabetes

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25
Q

Other than mast cells, what cells produce leukotrienes?

A

Leukocytes

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26
Q

Which hormone causes an increase in absorption of Calcium and Phosphate by intestines?

A

Calcitriol or Vitamin D

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27
Q

Produced by platelets, these fatty acids aid in blood clotting?

A

Thormboxane

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28
Q

Which type of diabetes has a very high correlation with obesity?

A

Type II Diabetes

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29
Q

In order for a hormone to have its effect, it must have a “___” in the target cells?

A

Receptor

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30
Q

Specifically, which cells are destroyed in Type I Diabetes?

A

Beta Cells

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31
Q

What is the major function of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

Release of Gonadotropin

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32
Q

Which thyroid disease is associated with lethargy and confusion?

A

Hypothyroidism

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33
Q

A term that describes abnormally frequent drinking.

A

Polydipsia

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34
Q

An enzyme that is responsible for the destruction of Cycle Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is?

A

Phosphodiesteras

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35
Q

Which hormone made by the hypothalamus causes the release of milk from the mammary glands?

A

Oxytocin

36
Q

A molecule on the intracellular side of a receptor that transmits the hormone’s chemical effect deep into the cell?

A

Second Messenger

37
Q

In which organ is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced?

A

Heart

38
Q

Where is thyrotropin releasing hormone produced?

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

Natural opium-like pain killer made by your body?

A

Beta endorphin and enkephalin

40
Q

What is the major function of thyrotropin?

A

Causes the thyroid gland to release thyroxin

41
Q

These specialized fatty acids cause vasodilation.

A

Prostaglandins

42
Q

What is the major function of thyrotropin releasing hormone?

A

Release of thyrotropin

43
Q

What is the major function of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone?

A

Release of Growth Hormone

44
Q

An example of an enzyme that phosphorylates another enzyme is?

A

Protein Kinase A

45
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the production of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)?

A

Adenylate Cyclase

46
Q

A type of lipid hormone that generally, these do not have cell membrane receptors, however, they easily enter the cell and have receptors in the nucleus to have their effects?

A

Steroid Hormones

47
Q

A condition of bone thinning due to a loss of calcium from bone tissue?

A

Osteoporosis

48
Q

Specifically where is cortisol produced?

A

Adrenal Cortex

49
Q

Hypertonic blood has what effect on tissues?

A

Dehydration

50
Q

Where is Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone produced?

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Which cells of the pancreas produce somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

52
Q

Where is oxytocin stored and released?

A

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)

53
Q

Which compound deactivates G proteins?

A

Guanosine Diphosphate

54
Q

Where is Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) produced?

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis)

55
Q

What is the major function of Growth Hormones?

A

Stimulates cell division and release insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)

56
Q

Which enzyme is activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?

A

Protein Kinase A

57
Q

Hypocortisolism effects blood pressure in such a manner as to cause?

A

Hypotension

58
Q

Which hormone causes the release of prolactin?

A

Prolactin Releasing Hormone

59
Q

Which hormone prevents the release of prolactin?

A

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)

60
Q

Which enzyme is activated by G proteins?

A

Adenylate Cyclase and Phospholipase C

61
Q

What is the major function of Prolactin Releasing Hormone?

A

Release of Prolactin

62
Q

Which hormone causes the release of gonadotropins?

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

63
Q

Which hormone increases calorie burning?

A

Thyroid Hormone

64
Q

What is another name for the neurohypophysis?

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

65
Q

What structure releases secretin?

A

Small intestines

66
Q

The ability of one hormone to make a target organ much more sensitive to another completely different hormone?

A

Permissive Action

67
Q

What structures produce thromboxanes?

A

Platelets

68
Q

Increasing the number of receptors in the cell membrane is known as?

A

Up-Regulation

69
Q

The active form of thyroid hormone is?

A

T3

70
Q

What type of hormones directly enter the cells nucleus where they combined with their receptors and bind with the DNA to turn the genes on or off?

A

Steroid

71
Q

These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with endometriosis?

A

Prostaglandins

72
Q

Major function of Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone is what?

A

Prevents release of prolactin

73
Q

The ovaries and testes are known as what?

A

Gonads

74
Q

what is the major function of erythropoietin?

A

Produces erythrocytes

75
Q

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored and relased?

A

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)

76
Q

What is another name for adrenaline?

A

Epinepherine

77
Q

Decreasing the number of receptors in the cell membrane is known as what?

A

Down-Regulation

78
Q

What is the major hormone which causes an increase in the cellular uptake of glucose from the plasma?

A

Insulin

79
Q

Which hormone causes the release of thyrotropin?

A

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

80
Q

Which hormone from the adrenal cortex causes the release of glucose into the blood?

A

Cortisol

81
Q

Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone?

A

Somatostatin

82
Q

Which thyroid disease is associated with an increase in catabolic mechanisms?

A

Hyperthyroidism

83
Q

Which hormone made by the hypothalamus causes profound vasoconstriction?

A

Vasopressin

84
Q

A clinical condition caused by a deficiency in cortisol is known as what?

A

Hypocortisolism

85
Q

Where is most somatostatin produced?

A

Hypothalamus

► Med - Anatomy & Physiology (130 decks)

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