Nervous System

Question 1

The cranial nerve (VI) that supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball (lateral movement).

Answer 1

abducens nerve

Question 2

(also referred to as the accessory nerve) The cranial nerve (XI) that provides motor innervation to the muscles of the soft palate and the pharynx and to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Answer 2

accessory nerve

Question 3

A chemical neurotransmitter that serves as a mediator in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 3

acetylcholine

Question 4

An enzyme that cause muscle relaxation by helping to break down acetylcholine.

Answer 4

acetylcholinesterase

Question 5

An electrochemical event associated with cell membrane depolarization where stimulation of a nearby cell could cause excitation of another cell.

Answer 5

action potential

Question 6

Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release epinephrine and norepinephrine when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 6

adrenal glands

Question 7

Description of a neuron that secretes the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Answer 7

adrenergic

Question 8

A type of receptor that is associated with the sympathetic nerves and is stimulated by epinphrine and norepinephrine.

Answer 8

adrenergic receptors

Question 9

Nerves tat send information to the brain; also called sensory nerves.

Answer 9

afferent nerves

Question 10

One of two adrenergic receptors classified into two structural and functional categories; alpha-receptors are further subdivided into alpha -1 and alpha-2 receptors.

Answer 10

alpha receptors

Question 11

Ascending fiber tracts that carry information to the brain about light touch, pressure, and tickling and itching sensation.

Answer 11

arachnoid

Question 12

Fibers that carry sensory information from the periphery to the brain; also called afferent tracts.

Answer 12

ascending tracts

Question 13

Several structures located throughout the brainstem that are responsible for maintenance of consciousness.

Answer 13

ascending reticular activating system

Question 14

A subdivision of the nervous system that operates without conscious control and regulates the function of the internal organs, glands, and smooth muscle; comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 14

autonomic nervous system

Question 15

One of the major nerves emanating from the brachial plexus; it supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles, enabling arm abduction and lateral rotation.

Answer 15

axillary nerve

Question 16

long, slender filaments projecting from a nerve cell that conduct impulses to adjacent cells.

Answer 16

axons

Question 17

(basal nuclei) structures located deep within the cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain that play an important role in coordination of motor movements and posture.

Answer 17

basal ganglia

Question 18

A common class of cardiac drugs that blocks beta effects, causing a decrease in the workload of the heart by reducing the speed of contraction, as well as reducing blood pressure.

Answer 18

beta-blockers

Question 19

One of two adrenergic receptors classified into two structural and functional categories; beta receptors are further subdivided into beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 receptors.

Answer 19

beta receptors

Question 20

The plexus of spinal nerves that consists of nerves C5 to T1 and innervates the shoulder and upper extremity.

Answer 20

brachial plexus

Question 21

The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgement.

Answer 21

brain

Question 22

The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration.

Answer 22

brainstem.

Question 23

Numerous individual nerve roots that extended from the spinal cord at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.

Answer 23

cauda equina

Question 24

The brain and spinal cord.

Answer 24

central nervous system

Question 25

One of three bands of nerve fibers through which the cerebellum communicates with other regions of the central nervous system.

Answer 25

cerebellar peduncles

Question 26

The region of the brain essential in coordinating muscle movements of the body.

Answer 26

cerebellum

Question 27

The largest portion of the brain, it controls the higher thought processes; also called the cerebrum.

Answer 27

cerebral cortex

Question 28

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges

Answer 28

cerebrum

Question 29

A term used to describe the fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system that release a chemical called acetylcholine.

Answer 29

cholinergic

Question 30

Specialized cells within hollow areas in the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 30

choroid plexus

Question 31

A major nerve of the leg, providing sensation to the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot and motor activity to hip extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors of the hands.

Answer 31

corticospinal tracts

Question 32

The 12 pairs of nerves that arise from the base of the brain.

Answer 32

cranial nerves

Question 33

an agent that blocks transmission of neural motor impulses at the neuromuscular junction.

Answer 33

curare

Question 34

A component and branch of the common peroneal nerve that innervates the muscle that dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes.

Answer 34

deep peroneal nerve

Question 35

The parts of the neuron that receive impulses from the axon and contain vesicles for release of neurotransmitters.

Answer 35

dendrites

Question 36

an area of skin that corresponds to the sensory distribution of a specific cranial or spinal nerve.

Answer 36

dermatome

Question 37

Fibers that carry motor impulses from the brain to the fibers of the peripheral nervous system; also called efferent tracts.

Answer 37

descending tracts

Question 38

The part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 38

diencephalon

Question 39

One of two roots of a spinal nerve that passes posteriorly into the spinal cord and contains the dorsal root ganglion.

Answer 39

dorsal root

Question 40

A ganglion on the dorsal rootof each spinal nerve.

Answer 40

dorsal root ganglion

Question 41

The outermost of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord; it is the toughest membrane.

Answer 41

dura mater

Question 42

Nerves that carry commands from the brain to peripheral muscles; also called motor nerves.

Answer 42

efferent nerves

Question 43

Part of the diencephalon with functions related to emotions, circadian rhythms, and connecting the limbic system with other parts of the brain.

Answer 43

epithalamus

Question 44

The cranial nerve (VII) that supplies motor activity to all muscles of facial expression, the sense of tast to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, and utaneous sensation to the external ear, tongue, and palate.

Answer 44

facial nerve

Question 45

The branch of the lumbosacral plexus that innervates the muscle that flex the hip and extend the knee.

Answer 45

femoral nerve

Question 46

A withdrawal reflex in the flexor muscle of the limbs that contract in response to an unpleasant stimulus.

Answer 46

flexor relfex

Question 47

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord exits the brain.

Answer 47

foramen magnum

Question 48

The portion of the brain that is important involuntary motor actions and personality traits.

Answer 48

frontal lobe

Question 49

Collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system.

Answer 49

ganglia

Question 50

The separation between two nerves (preganglionic and postganglionic neurons), that serves to connect the central nervous system and the organs innervated.

Answer 50

ganglionic synapse

Question 51

The cranial nerve (IX) that supplies motor fibers to the pharyngeal muscle, provides taste sensation to the posterior portion of the tongue, and carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland.

Answer 51

gyri

Question 52

The cranial nerve (XII) that provides motor function to the muscle of the tongue and throat.

Answer 52

hypoglossal nerve

Question 53

The most inferior portion of the diencephalon; it is responsible for control of many body functions, including pulse rate, digestion, sexual development, temperature, regulation, emotion, hunger, thirst, and regulation of the sleep cycle.

Answer 53

hypothalamus

Question 54

A short canal through which auditory and facial nerves exit the vertebral column.

Answer 54

intervertebral foramen

Question 55

Ascending tracts that carry information to the brain about pain and temperature.

Answer 55

lateral spinothalamic tracts

Question 56

Structures within the cerebrum and diencephalon that influence emotions, motivation, mood, and sensation of pain and pleasure.

Answer 56

limbic system

Question 57

subdivisions within each hemisphere of the cerebrum; each lobe shares the name of the bone of the skull that overlies it.

Answer 57

lobes

Question 58

The crevasse that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum.

Answer 58

longitudinal fissure

Question 59

A needle insertion through the vertebral canal into the subarachnoid space to obtain a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 59

lumbar puncture

Question 60

A combination of the lumbar plexus, the sacral plexus, and the coccygeal root.

Answer 60

lumbosacral plexus

Question 61

The nerve in the brachial plexus that innervates the pronator muscles of the forearm, as well as those that flex the wrist, fingers and thumb.

Answer 61

median nerve

Question 62

The inferior portion of the midbrain, which serves as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts.

Answer 62

medulla

Question 63

A set of three tough membranes, the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, that encloses the entire brain and spinal cord.

Answer 63

meninges

Question 64

An inflammation of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, usually caused by infection.

Answer 64

meningitis

Question 65

Nerve that carry commands from the brain to the muscle; also called efferent nerves.

Answer 65

motor nerves

Question 66

Receptors at the target tissue that are stimulated by acetylcholine and can also be stimulated in the laboratory by the compound extracted from muscarine mushrooms.

Answer 66

muscarinic receptors

Question 67

A nerve in the upper extremity that innervates muscles that flex the shoulder and elbow.

Answer 67

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 68

A membrane formed by Schwann cells, which cover the axons of certain neurons

Answer 68

myelin sheath

Question 69

An axon surrounded by a membrane sheath produced by Schwann cells

Answer 69

myelinated nerves

Question 70

Nervous tissue that connects the nervous system with body parts or organs.

Answer 70

nerve

Question 71

Groups of nerve cells that are bundled together.

Answer 71

nerve fibers

Question 72

The system that controls virtually all activity of the body, both voluntary and involuntary.

Answer 72

nerve fibers

Question 73

The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary.

Answer 73

nervous system

Question 74

The targe tissues of the autonamic nervous system.

Answer 74

neuroeffector cells

Question 75

One of two basic types of neural tissue, nerogali support, protect, defend, and aid in the repair of injury of neural tissue, and regulate composition of nervous system interstitial fluid.

Answer 75

neuroglia

Question 76

A group of drugs derived from curare that are used in anesthesia to induce muscle relaxation.

Answer 76

neromuscular blockers

Question 77

The receptor on the muscle for nerve impulses.

Answer 77

neromuscular junction

Question 78

The basic nerve cells of the nervous system, containing a nucleus within a cell body and extending one or more processes; they exixt in masses to form nervous tissue.

Answer 78

neruons

Question 79

chemicals produced by neurons that stimulate electrical reactions in adjacent cells.

Answer 79

neurotransmitters

Question 80

Receptors in the postganglionic neuron that can be stimulated in the laboratory by the alkaloid nicotine.

Answer 80

nicotinic receptors

Question 81

Regions between individual Schwann cells in myelinated neurons, between which action potentials jump.

Answer 81

nodes of ranvier

Question 82

A neurotransmitter secreted by the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 82

norepinephrine

Question 83

A nerve emanating from the lumbosacral plexus that innervates muscles that adduct the thigh and rotate it medially.

Answer 83

obturator nerve

Question 84

The portion of the brain that is responsible for the processing of visual information.

Answer 84

occipital lobe

Question 85

The cranial nerve (III) that innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyalls and upper lid.

Answer 85

oculomotor nerve

Question 86

The portion of the olfactory nerve formed by the olfactory tract that lies on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and is penetrated by erve fibers that provide information about smell from the nose.

Answer 86

olfactory bulb

Question 87

The cranial nerve (I) that transmits information about the sense of smell.

Answer 87

olfactory nerve

Question 88

The part of the olfactory nerve that arises at the base of the brain.

Answer 88

olfactory tract

Question 89

Location where approximately half of the nerve fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain.

Answer 89

optic chiasm

Question 90

The openings through which the optic nerve passes to reach each eyeball

Answer 90

optic foramina

Question 91

The cranial nerve (II) that transmits visual information to the brain. This is the only of the cranial nerves considered to be part of the central nervous system.

Answer 91

optic nerve

Question 92

The parts of the optic nerve that arise at the base of the brain, forming the optic chiasm.

Answer 92

optic tracts

Question 93

The part of the autonomic nervous system that relaxes the body.

Answer 93

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 94

A drug that blocks acetylcholine at the neuroeffector synapse.

Answer 94

parasympathetic- blocking drug

Question 95

The portion of the brain that is the site for reception and evaluation of most sensory information, except smell, hearing, and vision.

Answer 95

parietal lobe

Question 96

Nerves that arise from the different plexuses to brand and supply motor function to and convey sensory information from many areas of the body.

Answer 96

peripheral nerves

Question 97

The portion of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 11 of the 12 pairs cranial nerves; these nerves may be sensory, motor, or connecting nerves.

Answer 97

peripheral nervous system

Question 98

The innermost of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord; it rests directly on the brain and spinal cord

Answer 98

pia mater

Question 99

Part of the epithalamus in the diencephalon.

Answer 99

pineal body

Question 100

Complex networks made up by the combination of the main portions of the spinal nerves.

Answer 100

plexuses

Question 101

The portion of the brainstem that lies below the midbrain and contains nerve fibers that affect sleep and respiration.

Answer 101

pons

Question 102

The second of two nerves, separated by a ganglionic synaps, in a series between the central nervous system and the organs that are innervated.

Answer 102

postganglionic neuron

Question 103

The end of a nerve where electrical impulses are received from the synaptic cleft.

Answer 103

postsynaptic terminal

Question 104

The first of two nerves, separated by a ganglionic synapse, in a series between the central nervous system and the organs that are innervated.

Answer 104

perganglionic neuron

Question 105

The end of a nerve where neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft.

Answer 105

presynatpic terminal

Question 106

Information about the body’s position and of its parts in relation to itself, to one another, and to the pull of gravity.

Answer 106

proprioception

Question 107

One of the major nerves in the upper extremity, it supplies muscles that extend the elbow, supinate the forearm, and extend the wrist, fingers, and thumb.

Answer 107

radial nerve

Question 108

Descending tracts that are involved in involuntary body movements.

Answer 108

reticulospinal tracts

Question 109

Small nerves

Answer 109

rootlets

Question 110

Nervous tissue that helps form the myelin sheath around certain neurons.

Answer 110

Schwann cells

Question 111

The longest peripheral nerve in the body, formed by the combination of the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve.

Answer 111

sciatic nerve

Question 112

Pain and muscle weakness that travels from the back, into the buttocks, and along the leg into the foot as a result of irritation of the sciatic nerve or a lumbar spinal nerve root.

Answer 112

sciatica

Question 113

Nerves that carry sensations of touch, tast, heat, cold, pain, and other modalities from the body to the central nervous system.

Answer 113

sensory nerves

Question 114

The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control.

Answer 114

somatic nervous system

Question 115

An extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body; it lies inside of and is protected by the spinal canal.

Answer 115

spinal cord

Question 116

Thirty one pairs of nerves each responsible for sending and receiving sensory and motor messages to and from the central nervous system from a portion of the body.

Answer 116

spinal nerves

Question 117

Automatic reactions to stimuli mediated by neuronal patways within the spinal cord that occur without conscious thought.

Answer 117

spinal relex arcs

Question 118

A needle insertion through the vertbral canal to the subarachnoid space to obtain a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 118

spinal tap

Question 119

Ascending tracts that carry information regarding body position (proprioception ) to the cerebellum.

Answer 119

spinocerebellar tracts

Question 120

Brain damage typically resulting from a disruption of the circulation to the brain, causing abnormal neurologic findings.

Answer 120

stroke

Question 121

A hemorrhage into the brain tissue beneath the arachnoid membrane.

Answer 121

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 122

The space located between the pia mater and the arachnoid in which the cerebrospinal fluid is contained.

Answer 122

subarachnoid space

Question 123

A layer of gray matter located in the midbrain.

Answer 123

substantia nigra

Question 124

The part of the diencephalon that is involved in in controlling motor funtions.

Answer 124

subthalamus

Question 125

Grooves located between the gyri in the cerebrum.

Answer 125

sulci

Question 126

The nerve in the leg that innervates the muscles of foot eversion.

Answer 126

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 127

The muscle that controls the downward gaze of the eyball.

Answer 127

superior oblique muscle

Question 128

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the body’s response to shock and stress

Answer 128

sympathetic pathway

Question 129

The junction between nerve cells across which nervous stimuli are transmitted. Includes the synaptic cleft membrane with synaptic vesicles and axon terminal and postsynaptic cell membrane.

Answer 129

synapse

Question 130

The space tetween neurons where electrical impulses trigger the release of neurotransmitters, which in turn stimulate an electrical reaction in adjacent neurons.

Answer 130

synaptic cleft

Question 131

Vesicles that contain neurotransmitters.

Answer 131

synaptic vesicles

Question 132

The portion of the brain that plays an important role in hearing and memory

Answer 132

temporal lobe

Question 133

The part of the diencephalon that processes most sensory input and influences mood and general body movements, especially those associated with fear or rage.

Answer 133

thalmus

Question 134

The nerve in the leg that innervates the muscles that extend the hip, flex the knee, plantar flex the ankle, and flex the toes.

Answer 134

tibial nerve

Question 135

Pathways within the spinal cord that contain nerves.

Answer 135

tracts

Question 136

An episode of neurologic imairment that lasts less than 24 hours and represents a warning sign o fan impending stroke.

Answer 136

transient ischemic attack

Question 137

The cranial nerve (V) that supplies sensation to the scalp, forehead, face, and lower jaw and innervates the muscles of mastication, the throat, and the inner ear.

Answer 137

trochlear nerve

Question 138

The nerve in the arm that innervates muscles that flex the wrist and fingers abduct and adduct the fingers and thumb.

Answer 138

ulnar nerve

Question 139

Neurons with no myelin sheth or white matter.

Answer 139

unmyelinated axons

Question 140

The cranial nerve (X) that provides motor function to the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx and carries taste bud fubers from the posterior tongue. sensory fibers from the inferior pharynx, laynx, thoracic, and abdominal organs, and parasymphatetic fibers to thoracic and abdominal organs.

Answer 140

vegus nerve

Question 141

One of two roots of a spinal nerve that is formed from six to eight rootlets.

Answer 141

ventral root

Question 142

Specialized fluid-filled areas in the brain.

Answer 142

ventricles

Question 143

The bony canal formed by vertebrae that houses and protects the spinal cord.

Answer 143

vertebral canal

Question 144

The cranial nerve (VIII) that passes through the internal auditory meatus and transmits information important to the senses of hearing and balance.

Answer 144

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 145

Descending tracts that are involved in involuntary body movements.

Answer 145

vestibulospinal tracts

Question 146

Bundles of myelinated nerves.

Answer 146

white matter

Question 147

Myelinated nerves are surrounded by a form of nervous tissue called.

a. nodes of Ranvier
b. dendrites
c. Schwann Cells
d. sulci

Answer 147

Schwann cells

Question 148

The _____ regulates heartbeat, breathing, and consciousness.

a. cerebral cortex
b. cerebellum
c. brain stem
d. hypothalamus

Answer 148

d. hypothalamus

Question 149

Cerebral spinal fluid is produced by specialized cells within the ____ in the ventricles of the brain.

a. choroid plexus
b. meninges
c. synapses
d. sulci

Answer 149

a. choroid plexus

Question 150

The ____ nerve innervates the diaphragm, resulting in contraction durig breathing.

a. phrenic
b. axillary
c. median
d. lumbrosacral

Answer 150

a. phrenic

Question 151

The part of the nervous system associated with the release of adrenaline in times of stress is the:

peripheral nervous system
adrenal gland
sympathetic division
parasympathetic division

Answer 151

sympathetic division

Question 152

Collectively, the midbrain, pons, and medulla are referred to as the :

a. cerebral cortex
b. cerebrum
c. corpus collasum
d. brainstem

Answer 152

d. brainstem

Question 153

The largest portion fo the brain is the ____ or cerebrum.

a. sulci
b. temporal lobe
c. frontal lobe
d. cerebral cortex

Answer 153

d. cerebral cortex

Question 154

Axons may or may not be surrounded by a membrane sheath. In unsheathed or _____ potential electrical signals in the nerves propagate along the entire membrane.

a. myelinated
b. unmyelinated
c. nonmyelinated
d. uncovered

Answer 154

b. unmyelinated

Question 155

The _____ is responsible for the processing of visual information.

a. occipital lobe
b. pons
c. medulla
d. frontal lobe

Answer 155

a. occipital lobe

Question 156

There are \_\_\_\_\_ pairs of spinal nerves exiting the spinal column.
12
21
31
43

Answer 156

c. 31

Question 157

The ____ is the largest peripheral nerve in the body.

phrenic nerve
sciatic nerve
tibial nerve
obturator

Answer 157

sciatic nerve

Question 158

The most common underlying condition resulting in embolic stroke is:

atrial fibrillation
high blood pressure
low blood pressure
premature ventricular contractions

Answer 158

atrial fibrillation

Question 159

The _____ regulates the functions of the internal organs

autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
skeletal system
cardiovascular system.

Answer 159

autonomic nervous system

Question 160

The spinal cord leaves the skull through a large opening in the base called the:

orbit
cervical crown
foramen magnum
brainstem

Answer 160

foramen magnum

Question 161

________ are located between the individual Schwann cells at intervals of approximately 1 to 1.5 mm.

axons
nodes of Ranvier
Neurons
Dendrites

Answer 161

Notes of Ranvier

Question 162

Another name for motor nerve is:

radial nerves
axillary nerves
peripheral nerves
efferent nerves

Answer 162

efferent nerves

Question 163

____ are collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system.

Rootlets
Ventral roots
Ganglia
Dorsal Roots

Answer 163

ganglia

Question 164

A common class of drugs is the beta-blockers. These agents_____ the workload on the heart by _____ the speed of contrations.

Answer 164

decrease, reducing

Question 165

The most common type of bleeding as a result of trauma to the brain is a(n) ______ hemorrhage.

dural
subdural
arachnoid
subarachnoid

Answer 165

subarachnoid

Question 166

The _____ play(s) an important role in coordination of motor movements and posture.

brainstem
basal nuclei
hypothalamus
thalamus

Answer 166

basal nuclei

Question 167

Two types of nerves in the _____ nervous system are sensory and _____ nerves. Sensory, or afferent nerves carry impulses from the body to the brain, and motor, or _____ nerves carry commands from the _____ to the muscle.

Answer 167

peripheral, motor, efferent

Question 168

While sitting in the dayroom of your ambulance station, you observe another crew enter the room and immediately go for the coffee and donuts. To determine whether the coffee is hot, one of your colleagues touches the pot and immediately withdraws his hand, obviously answering his question. You think to yourself that you observed a(n) ____ reflex.

axon
extensor
flexor
ganglic

Answer 168

Flexor

Question 169

While relaying a call for an overdose, the dispatcher informs you that it is an insecticide overdose from what is reportedly an organophosphate compound. Your paramedic training taught you the mnemonic SLUDGE to remind you of the signs and symptoms the patient should be having when you arrive on the scene. As you go through SLUDGE you cannot remember what “D” stands for. Your partner provides you with the info by telling you that it stands for:

dilated pupils
defecation
diaphoresis
dementia

Answer 169

defecation

Question 170

The major regions of the adult’s brain are the _____ (the largest portion), diencephalon,, ______, and ______.

Answer 170

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

Question 171

Acetylcholine is normally repidly destroyed by an enzyme called.

acetylcholinesterase
acetylnorepinerase
acetylepinerase
acetylnocotinerase

Answer 171

acetylcholinesterase

Question 172

The oculomotor nerve innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and upper lids; this nerve is also referred to as cranial nerve.

II
III
IV
V

Answer 172

III

Question 173

The cranial nerve for smell is called the:

cribriform plate
olfactory nerve
mastoid process
sella turcica

Answer 173

olfactory nerve

Question 174

A cholinergic fiber secretes:

norepinephrine
epinephrine
nicotinic acid
acetylcholine

Answer 174

acytylcholine

Question 175

The brachial plexus consists of which spinal nerves?

C1-C4
C5- T1
L1-L4
L4-L5

Answer 175

C5-T1

Question 176

An area of the skin supplied by a given pair of spinal sensory nerves is called a(n):

ventral root
dermatome
efferent fiber
plexus

Answer 176

dermatome

Question 177

____ tracts carry sensory information from the periphery back to the brain.

ascending
descending
proprioception
reticulospinal

Answer 177

ascending

Question 178

The spinal cord leaves the skull through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the:

cauda equina
foramen magnum
occipital opening
vertebral oriface

Answer 178

foramen magnum

Question 179

The outer membrane covering of the central nervous system is called the:

arachnoid
pia mater
meninges
dura mater

Answer 179

Dura mater

Question 180

Which lobe plays an important role in hearing and memory and is separated from the rest of the cerebellum by a lateral fissure?

frontal
parietal
occipital temporal

Answer 180

Temporal

Question 181

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

Answer 181

occipital

Question 182

collectively, the midbrain, pons, and medulla are called the:

brainstem
cerebral cortex
corpus collasum
diencephalon

Answer 182

brainstem

Question 183

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord via the vertebral column as part of the peripheral nervous system?

12
20
31
33

Answer 183

31

Question 184

neurotransmitters are contained within the:

synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicles
postsynaptic terminal
presynaptic terminal

Answer 184

presynaptic terminal

Question 185

bundles of myelinated nerves are referred to as:

grey matter
white matter
synaptic vesicles
nodes of Ranvier

Answer 185

grey matter

Question 186

How many basic functions do neuroglia have?

three
four
five
six

Answer 186

five

Question 187

Nerve cells are known as ______ and contain projections called _____ and ________ that make connections between adjacent cells.

dendrites, neurons, synapses
dendrites, axons, neurotransmitters
neurons, dendrites, axons
neurotransmitters, synapses, dendrites

Answer 187

neurons, dendrites, axons

Question 188

What is the outer, toughest membrane of the brain?

Pia mater
arachnoid
periosteum
Dura mater

Answer 188

Dura mater

Question 189

Which portion of the brain is the site for reception and evaluation of sensory information from the skin, such as pain, temperature, and pressure?

thalamus
cerebellum
brainstem
cerebrum parietal lobe

Answer 189

cerebrum parietal lobe

Question 190

A patient has signs and symptoms consistent with a stroke, while you are transporting the patient, the signs and symptoms seem to subside. This leads you to believe that the patient has probably sustained what type of neurologic problem?

Answer 190

TIA

Question 191

You respond to a patient in a nursing home. While getting a SAMPLE history, you are told about a subarachnoid hemorrhage that occured a few years ago. Where did that hemorrhage occur?

Cerebral cortex
Between the arachnoid and the dura mater
Between the arachnoid and pia mater
outside the ventricles of the brain

Answer 191

between the arachnoid and pia mater

Question 192

On the scene of a patient with sports injury, the patient has reportedly sustained an injury to the wrist and forearm. The patient manifests a wrist drop that is a characteristic sign of injury to which nerve?

ulnar
brachial
median
radial

Answer 192

radial

Question 193

At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, an unconscious patient who has sustained significant trauma to the head has no pupillary response when light is shown in either eye. What cranial nerve has been affected by the head trauma?

II
III
IV
V

Answer 193

II

Question 194

You are on the scene with a 65 yrd man who has sustained a severe laceration to the hand and lost what appears to be at least a pint of blood. The bleeding is controlled and your partner is getting a SAMPLE history while you obtain vital signs. The heart rate is 72, and you are surprised that the patient is not tachycardic until your partner tells you that the patient is taking what type of medication?

alpha blocker
alpha stimulator
Beta blocker
Beta stimulator

Answer 194

Beta Blocker

Question 195

The ____ nervous system is responsible for slowing the pulse and respiratory rates, lowering blood pressure, and constricting pupils, and increasing digestive system activity.

passive
parasympathetic
sympathetic
involuntary

Answer 195

parasympathetic

Question 196

The ____ nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles.

axillary
radial
ulnar
median

Answer 196

axillary

Question 197

Cerebral spinal fluid is manufactured in what part of the brain?

penduncles
pineal body
subarachnoid space
ventricles

Answer 197

ventricles

Question 198

The nervous system is divided into a number of systems. Which of the following is NOT one of these systems?

ANS
CNS
Involuntary nervous system
PNS

Answer 198

involluntary nervous system

Question 199

Electrical impulses travel down the nerve and trigger the release of chemicals known as:

receptor stimulators
limbic transmitters
neurotransmitters
diencephalons

Answer 199

neurotransmitters

Question 200

What is the gap between nerve cells called?

Axon
Vesicles
Fissure
Synapse

Answer 200

Synapse

Question 201

Myelinated nerves are surrounded by a sheath manufactured by a form of nervous tissue called ____ cells.

Schwann
meylin
neuroeffector
ganglia

Answer 201

Schwann

Question 202

Neural tissue contains two cell types, called

Answer 202

Neurons and neuroglia

Question 203

The ____ is responsible for the processing of visual information

occipital lobe
pons
medulla
frontal lobe

Answer 203

occipital lobe

Question 204

____ are collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system.

rootlets
ventral roots
ganglia
dorsal roots

Answer 204

ganglia

Question 205

The spinal cord leaves the skull through a large opening in the base called the:

Answer 205

foramen magnum

Question 206

collectively, the midbrain, pons, and medulla are referred to as the:

cerebral cortex
cerebrum
corpus collosum
brainstem

Answer 206

brainstem

Question 207

Axons may or may not be surrounded by a membrane sheath. in unsheathed or ______ axons, action potential electrical signals in the nerves propagate along the entire axon membrane.

Answer 207

unmyelinated

Question 208

The ____ regulates the functions of the internal organs.

Answer 208

autonomic nervous system

Question 209

A common class of drugs is the beta-blockers. These agents _____ the workload on the heart by _____ the speed of contractions.

Answer 209

decrease; reducing

Question 210

The most common underlying condition resulting in embolic stroke is:

Answer 210

atrial fib