Traumas at the MFA. General information on traumas. Classification of traumas Flashcards
Injuries to hard dental tissues and pulp
- Crown infraction
- Uncomplicated crown fracture
- Complicated crown fracture
- Uncomplicated crown-root fracture
- Complicated crown root fracture
- Root fracture
Crown infraction
Incomplete fracture of enamel without loss of tooth substance
Uncomplicated crown fracture
Fracture with loss of substance
-In enamel or enamel and dentine without pulp exposure
Complicated crown fracture
Loss of enamel and dentine with pulp exposure
Uncomplicated crown-root fracture
Fracture of enamel, dentin and root without pulp exposure
Complicated crown root fracture
Fracture of enamel, dentin and root with pulp exposure
Root fracture
- Horizontal fracture involving dentin, cementum and pulp
- Within Alveolus
Injuries to periodontal tissues
- Concussion
- Subluxation
- Extrusive luxation
- Lateral luxation
- Intrusive luxation
- Avulsion
Concussion
- Injury without loosening/displacement of tooth
- No increased mobility
- Tender to touch
Subluxation
- Injury with abnormal loosening but without displacement of tooth
- Tender to touch
Extrusive luxation
- Partial displacement of tooth out of socket
- Elongated appearance and mobile
- Bleeding from sulcus
Intrusive luxation
- Tooth displaced axially into socket
- Crown appears shortened
- Bleeding from gingiva
Avulsion
Displacement of tooth out of socket
Classifications of mandibular fractures based on region
- Symphysis
- Parasymphysis
- Body
- Angle
- Ramus
- Condylar process
- Alveolar
Classification of mandibular fractures based on fracture pattern
- Green stick
- Compound
- Comminuted
- Complex
- Telescopic/impacted
- Pathologic
Green stick fracture
- Fracture through one cortex
- No mobility of segments
- Children
Simple fracture
Doesn’t communicate with external environment-Closed fracture
Compound fracture
- Communicates with external environment→ skin or soft tissue
- Open fracture
Comminuted fracture
Multiple segments of bone due to force of trauma
Telescopic/impacted fracture
One fractured segment driven into another
Complex fracture
Damage to adjacent structure
Pathologic fracture
-Resulting from normal function in area of diseased bone
Classifications of TMJ fractures
- Displaced-condyle within glenoid fossa
- Dislocated- No longer within fossa
- Extracapsular-Fracture not involving capsule of TMJ
- Intracapsular-Fracture within TMJ capsule
Types of soft tissue trauma
Contusion
Abrasion
Laceration
Tissue avulsion
Soft tissue contusion
- Bruise without break in skin/mucosa
- Subcutaneous haemorrhage→ hematoma and swelling of tissue
- May indicate fracture
Soft tissue abrasion
-Superficial wound→ rubbing or scraping of skin or mucosa
Soft tissue laceration
- Penetrating wound into soft tissue
- Disrupts vessels, nerves, muscles and glands
- Common in lips and gingiva
Soft tissue avulsion
- Loss of tissue
- Rare
- Seen in bites
