Practical exam Flashcards
Instruments used for picking up sterile instruments
Cheatles forceps
Haemostatic forceps
-Hold blood vessels
-Hold ends of ligatures
-Pick up necrotic tissue
-Pick up fragments
Instruments used to remove pathologic tissue
-Currete (Lucas)
-Remove particles or debris from bony tissue or soft tissue tract
Instruments used to cut or remove bone
Roungeurs Forcep(work on bony margins)
-Bone files
-Osteotome(splits rather than cuts bone)
-Chisel(cuts bone)
-Mallet
Instruments used to suture the tissue
-Needle holder
-Suture cutting scissors
-Tissue holding forceps(hold tissues during process of dissection or suturing)
<p>Instruments used for extraction of teeth and root remnants</p>
<p>-Elevator(Straight, triangular, pick types)</p>
<p>-Handle</p>
<p>-Shank</p>
<p>-Blade</p>
<p>Indications for elevator use</p>
<p>-Luxate</p>
<p>-Multi-rooted teeth</p>
<p>-Teeth that cant be engaged by forceps</p>
<p>-Fractured debris</p>
Rules when using elevator
-Adjacent teeth not used as fulcrum unless its to be extracted
-Protect soft tissues with finger guards
-Elevator supported with index finger
-Work on medial side
-Concave/flat surface of elevator faces tooth
<p>Most commonly used Scalpel blade</p>
<p>-No. 15</p>
<p>-Used for flaps and incisions on edentulous alveolar ridges</p>
<p>Use of Scalpel blade 12</p>
<p>-Incisions in gingival sulcus and incisions posterior to the teeth→Maxillary tuberosity area</p>
<p>Use of Scalpel blade 11</p>
<p>-Small incisions→ incising abscesses</p>
Use of surgical forceps
-Firmly grasping tissues while needle passed during suturing
<p>Use of Anatomical forceps</p>
<p>-Aid in suturing of wound and grasping small instruments</p>
<p>Instrument used to remove bone and sharp bone spicules</p>
<p>Rongeurs Forceps</p>
<p>Instrument used to smooth bone</p>
<p>Bone file</p>
<p>use of chisels(Bibeveled)</p>
<p>Sectioning roots of multirooted teeth</p>
<p>Needle holders use</p>
<p>Suturing wound-intraoral placement</p>
<p>Differences between Needle holder and Haemostat</p>
<p>-Beaks of Haemostat thinner and longer</p>
<p>-Internal surface of needle holder beaks grooved and crosshatched(Allows firm grip)</p>
<p>-Needle holder can release needle with simple pressure→ gap in locking mechanism</p>
<p>Uses of Goldman-fox, Lagrange and Metzenbaum scissors</p>
<p>Soft tissue</p>
<p>Use of retractors</p>
<p>-Retract cheeks and mucoperiosteal flap</p>
<p>Use of tongue retractors</p>
<p>Retract tongue medially away from surgical field</p>
Patient position for extraction of Maxillary teeth
-Patient mouth at same height as dentist shoulder
-120 ° angle between dental chair and floor
-Occlusal surface of maxillary teeth at 40 ° when open compared to horizontal
Patient Chair position for extraction of mandibular teeth
-110 ° angle between chair and floor
-Occlusal surface of mandibular teeth parallel to floor when mouth open
-Patient mouth at level of dentist elbow
Surgeon position for extraction with forceps for maxillary teeth
-Infront or to the side of the patient
Surgeon position for extraction with forceps for mandibular teeth
-Right posterior and anterior teeth→ behind patient
-Left mandibular teeth→ in front of patient
<p>Desmotome use</p>
<p>-Pen grip with dominant hand</p>
<p>-Positioned at bottom of gingival sulcus to sever PDL</p>
<p>-Continuous motion from mesial to distal→ buccally then lingually/palatal</p>
<p>-Non dominant hand→ index finger and thumb positioned on buccal and palatal</p>
<p>Elevator use</p>
<p>Push or reflect gingiva→ allows extraction forceps to grasp tooth beneath cervical line</p>
Extraction technique with forceps
-Beaks of forceps at cervical line of tooth→ parallel to long axis of tooth
-Gentle initial buccal then lingual/ palatal movements
-Gradual increase in pressure first at buccal(bone thinner and more elastic)
-Rotational force if roots single and conical
-Slight traction to facilitate extraction but not used at final stage
-Final movement → Maxilla=buccal and curved outwards and upwards
→ Mandible=Buccal direction and curved outwards and downwards
Extraction technique of elevator
-Held in dominant hand w/ index finger along blade
-Used buccally(not lingual/palatal)
-Concave surface contacts mesial or distal
-Alveolar bone used as fulcrum
-In maxillary posterior teeth- perpendicular to long axis and in rest→ perpendicular, parallel or at angle
Protective measure during elevator use
Cotton wool or gauze between finger and palatal to avoid injury is elevator slips
Post extraction care of socket
-Periapical curette used at bottom of socket(removes granulation tissue preventing cyst)
-If sharp and bony edges-ronguers forceps or bone file to smooth alveolar margin
-Haemostasis aided by pressure on socket w/ gauze for 30-45 min
<p>Post operative instructions</p>
<p>-Rest</p>
<p>-Analgesia</p>
<p>-Edema</p>
<p>-Bleeding</p>
<p>-Antibiotics</p>
<p>-Diet</p>
<p>-Oral hygiene</p>
