Incisions And Flaps Flashcards
Important rules for incisions
🔸Firm, continuous stroke
🔸Avoid key structures
🔸Adequate flap width
🔸Flap longer than bone deficit
🔸Mucosa and periosteum reflected together
🔸Scar taken into consideration
🔸Excessive pulling, crushing or folding of flap avoided
Importance of firm continuous stroke
🔸Repeated strokes impair healing
🔸Scalpel in constant contact w/ bone
Key structures to avoid during incision
🔸Mental neuro vascular bundle
🔸Palatal vessels
🔸Infraorbital nerve
🔸Lingual nerve
🔸Submandibular duct
🔸Parotid duct
🔸Hypoglossal venous plexus
🔸Buccal artery
🔸Facial nerve, artery and vein
Vertical releasing incisors should begin at
Buccal vestibule and end at interdental papillae
Envelope and semilunar incisions of at least 0.5cm from gingival sulcus are used for
🔸Apicoectomies
🔸Removal of root tips
Elliptic incision use
Excision of various soft tissue lesions
Importance of adequate flap width
🔸Operative field easily accessible
🔸No creation of tension and trauma
Importance of flap being larger than bone defect
🔸Sutured flap margins will rest on healthy intact bone
🔸Prevention of flap dehiscence and tearing
Why excessive pulling, crushing or folding of flap avoided
Blood supply and healing compromised
Types of flaps
🔸Trapezoidal
🔸Triangular
🔸Envelope
🔸Semilunar (Y and X incisions)
🔸Pedicule
Characteristics of trapezoidal flap
🔸п-shaped incision
🔸Horizontal gingival incision and two oblique vertical to buccal vestibule
🔸Base of flap broader than free gingival margin
Vertical releasing incisions in trapezoidal flap extend to
🔸Interdental papilla and never buccal surface
🔸Ensures integrity of gingiva
How satisfactory surgical field is achieved
Incision extends at least one or two teeth either side of area of bone removal
Rational for base of flap being broader than gingival margin
Ensures adequate blood supply
Advantages of trapezoidal flap
🔸Excellent access
🔸Operation on multiple teeth
🔸No tissue tension
🔸Easy approximation
🔸Good healing
