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Oral surgery > 60. Injuries in the MFA ʹ General, Classification > Flashcards

60. Injuries in the MFA ʹ General, Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of soft tissue wounds according to their exposure to the outer environment

A

Open and closed wounds

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2
Q

Open soft tissue wounds according to their exposure to the outer environment

A
  • Incision=> smooth, well-fitting wound margins
  • Laceration=> torn wound margins
  • Abrasion=>superficial wounds
  • Puncture=> just enter the body
  • Penetration=> enter and leave the body
  • Gunshot=> small entrancen and large exit wound w/ lacerated margins,
  • Burns along wound, and surrounded by necrotic area
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3
Q

Closed wounds according to their exposure to the outer environment

A
  • Contusion=>bruise caused by blunt force trauma
  • Hematoma=> Localized collection of blood outside blood vessels
  • Crush injury=>object compresses a part of the body
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4
Q

How soft tissue wounds classified based on the risk of sepsis

A
  • Clean wound=> No viscus is entered
  • No septic area, and no break in aseptic technique
  • Clean contaminated wound=>Surgery enters non-infected area=>
  • May encounter bacteria
  • Contaminated wound=> gross spillage of organisms,
  • Infection without pus formation=>
  • Sepsis frequently occurs
  • Dirty wound=> operation through infected area=>
  • Been exposed for over 4 hours
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5
Q

Different types of fractures classified under the midface

A
  • Le Fort I
  • Le Fort II
  • Le Fort III
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6
Q

Le fort I

A
  • A horizontal fracture=>
  • Separates the teeth from the upper face
  • Fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose, and inferior wall of the maxillary sinus
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7
Q

Le fort II

A
  • Pyramidal fracture w/ teeth at base and nasofrontal suture at apex
  • Fracture line passes through posterior alveolar ridge, lateral walls of the maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim, and nasal bones
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8
Q

Le fort III

A
  • Transverse fracture=>
  • Separates face from skull base
  • Fracture line passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall, and zygomatic arch
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9
Q

Classification of mandibular fractures

A
  • Based on location of fracture on mandible
  • Fractures of the mandibular body=>
    *** Median fractures
  • Paramedian fractures
  • Mandibular angle fractures
  • Fractures of the ramus
  • Condylar neck fractures
    • Intra-capsular fractures**
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10
Q

Median fractures

A

Occur at midline of mandible

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11
Q

Paramedian fractures

A

Occur adjacent to midline

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12
Q

Mandibular angle fractures

A

Occur at the angle of the mandible

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13
Q

Fractures of the ramus

A

Occur in the vertical part of the mandible

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14
Q

Condylar neck fractures

A
  • Occur at neck of condyle=>
  • Rounded projection of mandible
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15
Q

Different parts of the neurocranium and skull base that can be fractured

A
  • **Fractures of neurocranium
  • Fronto-basal fractures**=>
  • Anterior wall of the frontal sinus
  • Posterior wall of the frontal sinus
  • Orbital roof
    *** Fractures of base of skull
    **
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16
Q

General classifications of fractures

A
  • Simple fracture=>single fracture line that does not break skin
  • Multiple fractures=>More than one fracture line, possibly involving multiple bones
  • Comminuted fracture=>bone broken into several pieces
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17
Q

Injuries to hard dental tissues and pulp

A
  • Crown infraction
  • Uncomplicated crown fracture
  • Complicated crown fracture
  • Uncomplicated crown-root fracture
  • Complicated crown root fracture
  • Root fracture
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18
Q

Crown infraction

A

Incomplete fracture of enamel without loss of tooth substance

19
Q

Uncomplicated crown fracture

A

Fracture with loss of substance
-In enamel or enamel and dentine without pulp exposure

20
Q

Complicated crown fracture

A

Loss of enamel and dentine with pulp exposure

21
Q

Uncomplicated crown-root fracture

A

Fracture of enamel, dentin and root without pulp exposure

22
Q

Complicated crown root fracture

A

Fracture of enamel, dentin and root with pulp exposure

23
Q

Root fracture

A
  • Horizontal fracture involving dentin, cementum and pulp
  • Within Alveolus
24
Q

Injuries to periodontal tissues

A
  • Concussion
  • Subluxation
  • Extrusive luxation
  • Lateral luxation
  • Intrusive luxation
  • Avulsion
25
Q

Concussion

A
  • Injury without loosening/displacement of tooth
  • No increased mobility
  • Tender to touch
26
Q

Subluxation

A
  • Injury with abnormal loosening but without displacement of tooth
  • Tender to touch
27
Q

Extrusive luxation

A
  • Partial displacement of tooth out of socket
  • Elongated appearance and mobile
  • Bleeding from sulcus
28
Q

Intrusive luxation

A
  • Tooth displaced axially into socket
  • Crown appears shortened
  • Bleeding from gingiva
29
Q

Avulsion

A

Displacement of tooth out of socket

30
Q

Classifications of mandibular fractures based on region

A
  • Symphysis
  • Parasymphysis
  • Body
  • Angle
  • Ramus
  • Condylar process
  • Alveolar
31
Q

Classification of mandibular fractures based on fracture pattern

A
  • Green stick
  • Compound
  • Comminuted
  • Complex
  • Telescopic/impacted
  • Pathologic
32
Q

Green stick fracture

A
  • Fracture through one cortex
  • No mobility of segments
  • Children
33
Q

Simple fracture

A

Doesn’t communicate with external environment-Closed fracture

34
Q

Compound fracture

A
  • Communicates with external environment→ skin or soft tissue
  • Open fracture
35
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Multiple segments of bone due to force of trauma

36
Q

Telescopic/impacted fracture

A

One fractured segment driven into another

37
Q

Complex fracture

A

Damage to adjacent structure

38
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

-Resulting from normal function in area of diseased bone

39
Q

Classifications of TMJ fractures

A
  • Displaced-condyle within glenoid fossa
  • Dislocated- No longer within fossa
  • Extracapsular-Fracture not involving capsule of TMJ
  • Intracapsular-Fracture within TMJ capsule
40
Q

Types of soft tissue trauma

A

Contusion

Abrasion

Laceration

Tissue avulsion

41
Q

Soft tissue contusion

A
  • Bruise without break in skin/mucosa
  • Subcutaneous haemorrhage→ hematoma and swelling of tissue
  • May indicate fracture
42
Q

Soft tissue abrasion

A

-Superficial wound→ rubbing or scraping of skin or mucosa

43
Q

Soft tissue laceration

A
  • Penetrating wound into soft tissue
  • Disrupts vessels, nerves, muscles and glands
  • Common in lips and gingiva
44
Q

Soft tissue avulsion

A
  • Loss of tissue
  • Rare
  • Seen in bites

Oral surgery (106 decks)

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