Preneoplastic lesions and tumors of the oral cavity in MFA. Frequency, Classification, etiology Flashcards
Classifications of Premalignant findings
- Precancerous lesions→ Morphologically altered tissue where cancer more likely too occur
- Precancerous conditions→ Generalised state associated with increased risk of cancer
Types of precancerous lesions
- Leukoplakia
- Erythroplakia
- Palatal keratosis
Types of precancerous Conditions
- Lichen planus
- Oral submucous fibrosis
- Syphilis
- Discoid lupus erythematous
- Sideropenic dysphagia
- Xeroderma pigmentosum
- Epidermolysis bullosa
Histological grading of dysplasia’s
-Grade 1- mild→ affects lower third of epithelium w/ cytological atypia
Grade 2- Moderate→ affects middle third of epithelium
Grade 3- severe→ affects two thirds of epithelium w/ cytological atypia
Definition of Leukoplakia
- White plaque of questionable risk
- When other known diseases have been excluded
- Possible dysplasia
Leukoplakia location
- Lip vermillion
- Buccal mucosa
- Lateral border of tongue
- Floor of mouth
- Gingival mucosa
Types of Leukoplakias
Homogenous and non homogenous
Homogenous leukoplakia
Uniformly flat and thin
Non homogenous leukoplakias
- Speckled type→ White and red
- Nodular type→ Red and white polypoid growth
- Verrucous type→ Wrinkled appearance
- Erythroleukoplakia→ larger red areas than speckled type and some dysplasia
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia→ Nodular, papillary of verrucous projections and strong prediction for malignant transformation
Erythroleukoplakia definition
- Fiery red patch that cant be characterised as another lesion
- Highest risk of malignant transformation
Oral submucous fibrosis definition
- Chronic disorder of upper digestive tract characterised by fibrosis of mucosa and submucosa
- Common in populations that consume Areca nut
Oral submucous fibrosis clinical presentation
- Burning sensation
- Ulceration
- Blanching or mucosa
- Leathery mucosa
- Difficulty w/ mouth opening and mastication
Effect of Area Alkaloids
- Fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
- Reduction in collagen inhibiting collagenases
Oral lichen planus
- Most prevalent
- White striations or papules in bilateral areas
- May become erythematous, ulcerative or bullous in appearance