Dental instruments Flashcards
Instruments used for picking up sterile instruments
-Cheatles forceps
Instrument used for preparing surgical field
- *-Swab holder**
- Holds swabs and cleans operating area
- Arrest haemorrhage
- Hold/stabilise tongue
Instrument used for holding drapes
- *-Towel clips**
- Hold corners of draping sheeting during operation
- Hold tongue
Instruments used for incising tissues
-Scalpel- Blades: 10(skin incision), 11 (stab incision), 12 (mucogingival procedures), 15 (intraoral surgery)
-Dissecting scissors(soft tissue destruction in deeper layers)
Instruments used for retracting the tissues
- Langenbeck’s retractor
- Farabeuf retractor
- Minnesota retractor
Instruments used for reflecting the mucoperiosteal flap
- Periosteal elevators
- Pointed end(release interdental papillae)
- Broad end(elevating mucoperiosteal flap from bone and soft tissue retraction)
Haemostatic forceps
- Hold blood vessels
- Hold ends of ligatures
- Pick up necrotic tissue
- Pick up fragments
Types of haemostatic forceps
-Large, straight, medium, curved, small
Instruments used for holding soft tissues
Allis tissue holding forceps
Instruments used to remove pathologic tissue
- Currete (Lucas)
- Remove particles or debris from bony tissue or soft tissue tract
Instruments used to cut or remove bone
- Roungeurs Forceps(work on bony margins)
- Bone files(smoothen sharp bony margins)
- Osteotome(splits rather than cuts bone)
- Chisel(cuts bone
- Mallet
Instruments used to suture the tissue
- Needle holder
- Suture cutting scissors
- Tissue holding forceps(hold tissues during process of dissection or suturing)
Instruments used for extraction of teeth and root remnants
- Elevator(Straight, triangular, pick types)
- Handle
- Shank
- Blade
Indications for elevator use
- Luxate
- Multi-rooted teeth
- Teeth that cant be engaged by forceps
- Fractured debris
Rules when using elevator
- Adjacent teeth not used as fulcrum unless its to be extracted
- Protect soft tissues with finger guards
- Elevator supported with index finger
- Work on medial side
- Concave/flat surface of elevator faces tooth
Extraction forceps
- Remove teeth from sockets
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
Maxillary extraction forceps
- Handles and beaks straight
- Anterior forceps and molar forceps
Mandibular extraction forceps
-Handles and beaks at right angle(easy access to mandibular teeth)
Instruments used for removal of bone
- Bone burs
- Round and fissure
Most commonly used hand in oral surgery
Bard-Parker no 3
Most commonly used Scalpel blade
- No. 15
- Used for flaps and incisions on edentulous alveolar ridges
Use of Scalpel blade 12
-Incisions in gingival sulcus and incisions posterior to the teeth→Maxillary tuberosity area
Use of Scalpel blade 11
-Small incisions→ incising abscesses
Scalpel is blade is placed on the handle with the help of
- A needle holder
- Haemostat
Scalpel is held in a
Pen grasp
Types of Periosteal Elevators
- Seldin
- Freer
- No. 9 Molt
Most commonly used Periosteal elevator
No. 9 Molt
- Pointed end→ Elevates interdental papilla
- Broad end→ Elevates mucoperiosteum from bone
Use of Freer elevator
Reflecting gingiva surrounding tooth before extraction
-Easy to use w/ thin anatomical ends
Elevator most suitable for holding flaps after reflecting during surgical procedure
Seldin Elevator
Most commonly used Haemostat
-Curved mosquito type or micro-Halsted Haemostat(small and narrow beak)
Use of surgical forceps
-Firmly grasping tissues while needle passed during suturing
Two types of Forceps
- Long standard surgical forceps→Posterior areas
- Small narrow Adson forceps→ Anterior areas
Difference between surgical and anatomical forceps
Anatomical don’t have wedge shaped projection but parallel grooves
Use of Anatomical forceps
-Aid in suturing of wound and grasping small instruments
Instrument used to remove bone and sharp bone spicules
Rongeurs Forceps
Most used Ronguer Forceps
Friedmann→ Blades are end and side cutting
Instrument used to smooth bone
Bone file
use of chisels(Bibeveled)
Sectioning roots of multirooted teeth
Uses of Goldman-fox, Lagrange and Metzenbaum scissors
Soft tissue
Needle holders use
Suturing wound-intraoral placement
Differences between Needle holder and Haemostat
- Long beaks of Haemostat thinner and longer
- Internal surface of needle holder beaks grooved and crosshatched(Allows firm grip)
- Needle holder can release needle with simple pressure→ gap in locking mechanism
Types of Scissors in Oral Surgery
Suture and soft tissue
Use of Lagrange scissors with sharp blades
Removing excess gingival tissue
Use of Metzenbaum scissors
- Blunt nosed
- Dissecting and undermining mucosa from underlying soft tissues
Instruments used for fastening towels and drapes and securing surgical suction tubes
Towel clamps
Use of retractors
-Retract cheeks and mucoperiosteal flap
Use of tongue retractors
Retract tongue medially away from surgical field
Use of Bite blocks and mouth props
-Facilitate opening of mouth for prolonged periods
