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Physio > Transport of O2 and CO2 > Flashcards

Transport of O2 and CO2 Flashcards

1
Q

The partial pressures of the gases ONLY include the gases that are dissolved in the __

A

plasma

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2
Q

tissue PO2 is a function of

A

-rate of O2 transport
-rate tissues use O2

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2
Q

__ of O2 reversibly binds to hemoglobin inside of the RBC

A

98%

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3
Q

do the veins (Svo2) or arteries (Sao2) have more hemoglobin saturated with O2?

A

arteries (97%) vs veins (75%)

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3
Q

oxygen is bound to hemoglobin and dissolved in __

A

plasma

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3
Q

O2 reversibly binding to RBC does not contribute to __

A

partial pressure

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4
Q

Pa veins CO2

A

46

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4
Q

__ must be in ferrous state to bind O2

A

iron (Fe2+)

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5
Q

Pa arteries O2

A

95

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5
Q

hemoglobinA has __ subunits (each binds 1 O2)

A

4 (alpha2beta2)

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6
Q

Pa arteries CO2

A

40

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6
Q

amount of oxygen bound to Hb depends on

A
  1. plasma O2
  2. number of binding sites on RBC
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7
Q

Pa veins O2

A

40

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8
Q

reduce hemoglobin significantly decreases __

A

blood oxygen

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9
Q

average CaO2 is __ ml of O2/ __ ml of blood

A

20, 100

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9
Q

__ of oxygen is dissolved in plasma

A

2%

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10
Q

__ binds to beta subunits to deoxy HB and decrease O2 affinity

A

2,3- BPG

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10
Q

high PO2 hemoglobins affinity for O2 is __

A

highest (positive cooperativity)

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10
Q

hemoglobin has __ structure

A

quartnary (cooperative)

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10
Q

2,3-BPG only binds to?

A

B hemoglobin subunits

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11
Q

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the __ (BOHR effect)

A

right

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11
Q

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right indicates __ affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen

A

decreased

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12
Q

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right matchs O2 delivery on demand, helps since O2 can be released at __

A

selective tissues

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13
Q

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right causes

A

-increased H+
-increased CO2
-increased temp.
-increased BPG

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14
Q

RBCs contain 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate which is a metabolic __

A

intermediate

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15
Q

Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve to the left indicates __ affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin

A

increased

15
Q

Levels of 2,3-BPG increase with

A

-exercise
-hypoxia
-pregnancy

16
Q

CO has a __ greater affinity for Hb than O2

A

250x

16
Q

Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve to the left caused by

A

-increased pH
-decreased PCO2
-decreased temp.
-decreased 2,3-BPG

17
Q

CO bound to Hb causes a __ shift

A

left (increases O2 affinity)

17
Q

with CO, CaO2 may be reduced, but __ may be normal

A

PaO2

18
Q

CO poisoning symptoms

A

-red skin
-flu like
-headache
-neurologic

18
Q

treatment of CO

A

-pure O2
-5% CO2

19
Q

methemoglobin heme with __ does not bind to O2 as readily

A

Fe3+ (ferric)

20
Q

methemoglobin can occur due to __ deficiency or upon delivery of some __

A

G6PDH, local anesthetics

21
Q

hemoglobin F (fetal) has these 4 subunits

A

α2y2 (no beta)

22
Q

hemoglobin F has a higher affinity for HbA because contains no beta chain to bind to __

A

2,3-BPG

23
Q

hemoglobin S (sickle cell) has normal __ units but abnormal __ units

A

alpha, beta

24
Q

O2 has a lower affinity for __ than __

A

HbS, HbA

25
Q

hemoglobin S when deoxygenated, RBC form __ shapes

A

sickle (obstructs small vessels)

26
Q

patient with methemoglobinemia will be treated with __

A

methylene blue

27
Q

methemoglobinemia deficiency in the __

A

NADH- MetHb reductase

28
Q

methemoglobinemia can be from __

A

local anesthetics

28
Q

deficiency in NADH- MetHb reductase is a __ disease

A

autosomal recessive

29
Q

for methylene blue to work have to have __

A

NADPH (not enough use Vit. C to treat)

30
Q

do not give methylene blue to a person with __ deficiency

A

G6PD

31
Q

G6PD deficiency occurs higher in this population

A

-black males most prevalent (due to deficiency being X linked)

32
Q

causes of hypoxemia (all decrease PaO2)

A

-decreased FiO2
-hypoventilation
-diffusion defects
-V/Q defects

33
Q

hypoxia can be due to

A

-hypoexmia
-decreased CO
-anemia

34
Q

arteries contain __ dissolved CO2

A

40

35
Q

veins contain __ dissolved CO2

A

46

36
Q

CO2 transported as

A
  1. dissolved CO2 (7%)
  2. carbamino- hemoglobin (CO2Hgb) (23%)
  3. bicarbonate (HCO3-) (70%)
37
Q

CO2 mainly transported as?

A

HCO3- (70%)

38
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin CO2 forms a __ bond with hemoglobin

A

loose, reversible

39
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin __ of the reactions

A

slowest

40
Q

bicarbonate in RBCs, __ rapidly forms carbonic acid from H2O
and CO2, which in turn dissociates to H+ and HCO3-

A

carbonic anhydrase

41
Q

bicarbonate H+ combines with hemoglobin for __ and HCO3- moves into plasma in exchange for __

A

buffering, Cl- (via band 3 protein)

42
Q

CO2 transport systemic Haldane Effect, deoxygenated Hb promotes __ binding of CO2 to Hb

A

increased

43
Q

lower O2, __ more likely to combine with Hb and Hb buffer mores __

A

CO2, H+

44
Q

CO2 transport pulmonary movement of CO2 into the alveolus will decrease __

A

PaCO2

45
Q

CO2 transport pulmonary Haldane Effect oxygenated Hb promotes __ of CO2 from Hb

A

dissociation

46
Q

reverse transport of band three protein causes increased intracellular __ and production of CO2 via __

A

HCO3-, carbonic anhydrase

47
Q

bicarbonate reaction

A

CO2+ H2O (carbonic anhydrase)-> H2CO3-> HCO3-+ H+

Physio (34 decks)

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