Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physio > Adrenal hormones > Flashcards

Adrenal hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

-corticosteroids
-mineralcorticoids
-sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adernal Cortex is

A

essentail for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the zona fasciculata secretion is regulated by what hormones?

A

CRH and ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adrenal cortex secretes hormones that are made from __

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete in response to sympathetic NS stimulation?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adrenal medullary hormones are not essential for __

A

life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the zona fasciculata secretes __

A

glucocorticoids
(think “glu” is in the middle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the zona glomerulosa secretes __

A

mineralocorticoid

GMC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the order from outer to inner of the aderenal cortex?

A

zona glmerulosa
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis

Good for rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the zona reticularis secretion is regulated by the __

A

HPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 adrenal cortex layers (outer to inner)

A

-zona glomerulosa
-zona fasciculata
-zone reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the zona glomerulosa secretion is regulated by the __

A

renin- angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the zona fasciculata secretion is regulated by __

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HPA regulates

A

zona fasciculata
zone reticularis

HPA is For Real

the two inner most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the zona reticularis secretes __

A

andRogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex occur in the __

A

mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aldosterone secretion is stimulated by

A

-angiotensin II
-increased K+ (hyperkalemia)
-decreased Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aldosterone helps kindey to

A

keep Na+
secrete K+

KidNey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aldosterone helps sweat and salivary glands to

A

retain Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adrenal medulla related to sympathetic NS, chromaffin cells secrete __

A

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what cortex layer is the largest?

A

zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

aldosterone increases renal tubular reabsorption of __ and secretion of __

A

Na+, K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aldosterone leads to an increase in __

A
  • EC fluid volume
  • Mean Arterial Pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what causes the secretion of Aldosterone?

A
  • Angiotension 2 (Low BP)
  • High K+
  • Low Na+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what enzyme is released by the kidneys?

A

renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

aldosterone has a similar effect on what compared to the renal tubules?

A

sweat glands and salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

aldosterone greatly increases reabsorption of __

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

aldosterone effects sweat glands which is important to __

A

conserve body salt in hot temps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

aldosterone greatly increases secretion of __

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

aldosterone effects the salivary gland by conserving __ during high salivation

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what enzyme is produced by the endothelium in the kidneys?

A

Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme (ACE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

angiotensinogen-> angiotensin I by what enzyme?

A

renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

angiotensin I-> angiotensin II by what enzyme?

A

ace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

order to know for angiotension to alosterone

A
  1. angiotensiogen
  2. angiotensin 1
  3. angiotension 2
  4. aldosterone secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what cells secrete renin?

A

juxtaglomerulus

in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what makes ACE?

A

endothelial cells

made all over the body but a lot is made in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

angiotensin II leads to?

A

-vasoconstriction
-aldosterone secretion
-ADH secretion
-thirst stimulation

Vcon, Aldo & ADH secrete, thrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Primary Hyperaldosteronism causes

A

-adrenal adenoma
-adrenal hyperplasia
-adrenal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Conn’s Sydrome is

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Primary Hyperaldosteronism treatment options

A

-surgical removal
-antagonism of mineralocorticoid receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Primary Hyperaldosteronism signs and symptoms

A

-hypertension
-hypernatremia
-headaches
-potassium depletion
-weakness, fatigue
-polyuria
-hypokalemic alkalosis
-low renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Secondary Hyperaldosteronism caused by decreased __ and pressure in __

A

blood flow, renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Secondary Hyperaldosteronism causes

A

-CHF
-cirrhosis
-nephrosis
-renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Secondary Hyperaldosteronism signs and symptoms

A

-high renin
-hypernatermia (voluma expansion)
-edema
-decreased cardiac output

Hr HEDco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

cortisol secreted with any __

A

STRESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

cortisol causes mobilization of __

A

energy stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

ACTH secreted so are other hormones because gene for ACTH forms __

A

larger protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

cortisol suppresses the __

A

immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

cortisol secretion follows a __

A

circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

cortisol secretion peaks in the __

A

AM

51
Q

cortisol causes

A
  • gluconeogenisis
  • protien mobilizaiton
  • fat mobilizaiton
  • stabilizes lysosomes
52
Q

types of stress that increase cortisol

A

-trauma
-infection
-illness
-norepinephrine
-surgery
-hypoglycemia

53
Q

ACTH forms a preprohormone called

A

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

54
Q

what does not express POMC gene?

A

anterior pituitary

55
Q

cortisol has a similar affinity for the __ receptor

A

aldosterone

56
Q

the protein that cortisol comes from also has small amount of

A

melanocyte stimulating
B- endorphin
B lioptropin

57
Q

what cause the hyperpigmentation often seen in the mouth with primary adernal deficency?

A

due to an increase in melanocyte stimulating that is produced when cortisol is

58
Q

cortisol in carbohydrates stimulates both __ in the liver

A

gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

59
Q

cortisol in carbohydrates has __ action

A

anti- insulin

60
Q

cortisol in carbohydrates decreases glucose uptake in __ but not in __

A

muscle and fat, brain and heart

61
Q

cortisol in carbohydrates makes diabetes worse by increasing

A

glucose, lipids, ketones, and insulin secretion

62
Q

cortisol in proteins inhibits __

A

protein synthesis

63
Q

cortisol in proteins increases __ especially in skeletal muscle

A

proteolysis

64
Q

cortisol excess in proteins leads to __ due to protein catabolic function

A

muscle weakness, pain, thin skin

65
Q

cortisol in lipids promotes __

A

lipolysis

66
Q

cortisol in lipids shifts energy system from utilization of __ to __ in times of stress

A

glucose, fatty acids

67
Q

95% of the glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal cortex due to the secretion of __

A

cortisol

68
Q

cortisol in lipids causes lipid __ in certain areas

A

deposition (“moon face”)

69
Q

Absence of cortisol contributes to __ failure

A

circulatory

70
Q

cortisol has a __ action of catecholamines on blood vessels leading to circulatory failure

A

permissive

71
Q

lack of cortisol during stress can result in fatal __

A

hypoglycemia

72
Q

lack of cortisol prevents mobilization of __

A

energy sources

73
Q

glucocorticoid treatment can cause __

A

osteoporosis

increase Rank L expression

74
Q

glucocorticoid treatment stimulates bone __

A

resorption

75
Q

glucocorticoid treatment inhibits osteoblastic __

A

maturation and activity

76
Q

what can be used to treat patients with diseases that involve an inflammatory process?

A

glucocorticoids

77
Q

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is cleaved into

A

-ACTH
-MSH
-B- endorphin
-B- lipotropin

78
Q

glucocorticoid secretion regulates

A

-gluconeogenesis
-protein mobilization
-fat mobilization
-stabilizes lysosomes

79
Q

glucocorticoid treatment promotes apoptosis of __

A

osteoblasts and osteocytes

80
Q

at what age does the zona reticularis begin to secrete adrenal androgens?

A

8

81
Q

do adrenal androgens have more of an effect on males or females?

A

females

82
Q

at what age does the zona reticularis peak in secreting adrenal androgens?

A

early 20s (falls with age)

83
Q

the zona reticularis begin to secretes what adrenal androgens?

A

1.Dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA)
2.Androstenedione
3.Testosterone

84
Q

what is readily converted peripherally to testosterone?

A

androstenedione

85
Q

Conversion to testosterone and 5-
dihydrotestosterone occurs where?

A

peripheral tissues

86
Q

growth of __ in females due to adrenal androgens

A

pubic and axillary hair

87
Q

excess of androgen production in pre- pubertal boys can cause __

A

precocious pseudopuberty

88
Q

excess of androgen production can cause __ deficiency resulting in virilization in newborn
females and pseudo-hermaphroditism

A

21-hydroxylase

89
Q

Virilizing adrenal tumors are rare, and virilization is usually due to
hypersecretion of __

A

adrenal androgens

90
Q

excess of androgen production from androgen secreting tumors results in virilization and __ in females

A

precocious pseudopuberty

91
Q

addison’s disease caused by primary __ of adrenl cortex

A

atrophy or injury

92
Q

Virilizing tumors in women are more likely to be caused by __ tumors

A

ovarian

93
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency known as

A

addison’s disease

94
Q

addison’s disease causes loss of __

A

glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, adrenal androgen secretion

destruction of cortical zones

95
Q

addison’s disease causes high __

A

ACTH

96
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency often __ due to abrupt cessation of steroid therapy

A

latrogenic

97
Q

addison’s disease causes low __ proudction

A

corticosteroid

98
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency pituitary gland unable to secrete enough __

A

ACTH

99
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency low ACTH and __ production

A

cortisol

100
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency what secretion is not affected?

A

mineralcorticoid

101
Q

In about 80% of US cases, atrophy caused by
__ of all cortical zones

A

autoimmune destruction

102
Q

cortisol is mainly a __

A

anti- inflammatory

103
Q

signs and symptoms of glucocorticoid defiency (primary and secondary)

A

-low BP
-hypoglycemia

104
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency is a __ issue ONLY

A

cortisol

105
Q

mineralocorticoid deficiency primary only symptoms

A

-salt cravings
-low BP
-hyperkalemia

106
Q

oral manifestation of adrenal insufficiency

A

-skin pigmentation

107
Q

when treating someone with addison’s dieases when you should you treat them?

A

IN THE MORNING

108
Q

treatment for adrenal insufficiency treat using corticosteroids can cause __

A

-immunosuppression
-impaired wound healing

109
Q

treatment for adrenal insufficiency treat using __

A

corticosteroids

110
Q

ACTH- dependent cushing’s disease is adenoma of the anterior pituitary secreting __

A

large amount of ACTH

111
Q

other symptoms from adrenal hormones

A

-hyperpigmentation
-alabester- colored pale skin

112
Q

adrenal andorgen deficiency (most primary but some secondary) symptoms

A

-lack of energy
-dry itchy skin
-loss of libido
-loss of axillary and pubic hair

113
Q

ACTH- dependent cushing’s disease etopic secretion of __ by non- pituitary tumor

A

CRH

114
Q

ACTH- dependent cushing’s disease etopic secretion of ACTh by __

A

non- pituitary tumor

115
Q

ACTH- independent cushing’s syndrome caused by primary nodular __ of adrenl gland

A

hyperplasia

116
Q

ACTH- independent cushing’s syndrome adenomas of the adrenal cortex overproducing __

A

cortisol

117
Q

manifestations of cushings diease

A

-moon face with erythema
-telangiectases of cheeks and forehead
-abdominal striae
-increased fat deposition

118
Q

conn’s syndrome due to issues with __

A

mineralocorticoids

119
Q

cushings syndrome/ disease due to issues with __

A

glucocorticoids

120
Q

pheochromocytoma due to issues with __

A

catecholamines

121
Q

pheochromocytoma is a sudden chromaffin cell leading to excessive secretion of __

A

EPI and NE

122
Q

typical pheochromocytoma manifestations

A

-palpitation
-headache
-profuse sweating

123
Q

crushing sydrome

A

excessive cortisol

124
Q

crushing disease

A

tumor in the pituitary

ATCH problem

Physio (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions