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Physio > Pituitary hormones > Flashcards

Pituitary hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what kinda tumor is in 90% of acromegalic patients?

A

pituitary

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2
Q

what is the main thing secreted by the anterior pituitary

A
  1. somatotropin(GH)
  2. adrenocotricotropin (ACTH)
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3
Q

where is the pituitary found?

A

sella turica of the sphenoid

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4
Q

GH deficiency can be due to combined __ hormone deficiencies

A

pituitary (panhypopituitarism)

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5
Q

oral manifestations of GH excess

A

-macrocephaly
-macrognathia
-macroglossia
-dyspnea
-dysphagia
-dysphonia
-sialorrhea

M3 D3 S

big head, jaw, tongue
trouble breathing, swallowing, and talking
too much saliva

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6
Q

GH excess before puberty called

A

gigantism

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7
Q

GH deficiency can be due to __ disorders

A

hypothalamic

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8
Q

GH excess after puberty called

A

acromegaly

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9
Q

achondroplsia is a __ condition

A

autosomal dominant

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10
Q

GH deficiency can be due to mutations in __

specific

A
  • GHRH
  • GH
  • IGF-1 receptor
  • GH gene
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11
Q

GH deficiency can be due to __

A

radiation

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12
Q

GH deficiency can be due to __ deprivation

A

psychosocial

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13
Q

GH deficiency can cause these clinical manifestations

A

-slow linear growth
-normal skeletal proportions
-youthful appearance (decreased lipolysis)
-cortisol deficiency (hypoglycemia)

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14
Q

what is the most common form of dwarfism?

A

achondroplasia

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15
Q

what are oral manifestations of Achondraplasia?

A

solitary median max central incisor
* slow teeth eruption
* crowding

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16
Q

hypertrophy of what tissues causes sleep apnea?

A

pharyngeal and layngeal

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17
Q

achondroplsia results from a mutation of __ receptor in cartilage and brain

A

FGF-3

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18
Q

stimuli for ADH secretion

A

-decrease blood volume (isotonic)
-increased osmolarity (isovolemic)
-decreased BP

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19
Q

achondroplsia FGF-3 receptor mutation makes the receptor __ and inhibits __

A

overly active, cartilage growth

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20
Q

after ADH/ AVP binds to V2 receptors __ proteins are inserted onto the apical membrane

A

aquaporin- 2 (AQP-2)

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21
Q

what nucleus produces oxytocin?

A

paraventricular

opp

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22
Q

2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

A

-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ arginine vasopression (AVP)
-oxytocin

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23
Q

ADH/ AVP in blood vessels cause contraction of __ muscle via __ receptors

A

vascular smooth, V1

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24
Q

ADH/ AVP in renal tubules binds to __ receptors in the __

A

V2, late distal tubule and collecting duct

V2 dt cd

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25
Q

what normally stimulates ADH secretion by the posterior pituitary?

A

osmolarity change

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26
Q

what causes ADH secretion?

A

decrease in blood pressure

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27
Q

what nucleus produces ADH?

A

supraoptic

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28
Q

aquaporin- 2 (AQP-2) on the apical membrane of tubular epithelial cells allows for __

A

water reabsorption

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29
Q

ADH imbalances can lead to

A

diabetes insipidus (DI)

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30
Q

along with aquaporin- 2 (AQP-2) on the apical membrane, what is on the basolateral membrane?

A

AQP-3 and AQP-4

31
Q

hypodipsia can cause the absent feeling of thirst which can lead to

A

hypernatremia

32
Q

what kinds of diabetes insipidus is due to decreased ADH?

A

neurogenic/ central

deCreased

33
Q

other causes of polyuria

A

-primary ingestion of excess fluid
-increased ADH metabolism

34
Q

what kinds of diabetes insipidus is due to lack of kidney response? (high ADH)

A

nephrogenic/ peripheral

HAD KiP

High ADH Kidney peripHeral

35
Q

SIADH can result from

excessive ADH

A

surgery, stress, pain

36
Q

diabetes inspididus presents with __

A

polyuria

37
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) increased and uncontrolled ADH secretions causes __

A

volume expansion and hypoatremia

38
Q

oxytocin causes __ ejection from the brasts in lactation

A

milk

39
Q

oxytocin stimulates contraction of the __ towards the end of __

A

uterus, gestation

40
Q

the anterior pituitary gland is a __ endocrine gland

A

TRUE

41
Q

the posterior pituitary gland contains axon terminals of __ neurons

A

hypothalamic

42
Q

posterior pituitary known as

A

neurohypophysis

43
Q

anterior pituitary known as

A

adenohypophysis

44
Q

the cells of the anterior pituitary make the most of what 2 hormones?

A

GH and ACTH

45
Q

anterior pituitary hormone list

A

-GH
-ACTH
-TSH
-FSH
-LH
-Prolactin

46
Q

posterior pituitary hormone list

A

-ADH/ Vasopressin
-Oxytocin

47
Q

hypothalamus secretes neurons that controls the __

A

anterior pituitary

48
Q

the hypothalamic hormones are released into the __

A

primary capillary plexus, median eminence

49
Q

what hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus?

A

-TRH
-CRH
-PRH
-PIH (dopamine)
-GnRH
-GHIH (somatostatin)
-GHRH

50
Q

GnRH positive feedback on __

A

LH and FSH

51
Q

TRH positive feedback on __

A

TSH

52
Q

how are the hypothalamic hormones transported to the sinuses of the anterior pituitary?

A

hypothalamic hypophyseal portal blood vessels

53
Q

CRH positive feedback on __

A

ACTH

54
Q

GHIH negative feedback on __

A

GH

55
Q

PIH negative feedback on __

A

Prl

56
Q

GHRH positive feedback on __

A

GH

57
Q

GH stimulated by

A
  • stress
  • exercise
  • excitement
  • fasting
  • starvation

See F’s

58
Q

GH secretion lower during the __ and highest while __

A

day, sleeping

59
Q

GH has a __ secertion

A

pulsatile

60
Q

PRH positive feedback on __

A

Prl

61
Q

GH acts as a tropic hormone to the liver which releases __

A

insulin like growth factor (IGF-1)

62
Q

GH high secretion in __ period but decreases in __

A

neonatal, childhood

63
Q

GH peak levels during __ and decline with age

A

puberty

64
Q

Many of the growth and metabolic effects of GH are mainly produced by __

A

IGFs

65
Q

IGF-1 is produced in most tissues and acts on neighboring cells in a __ manner

A

paracrine

66
Q

IGF-1 plays a big role in __ formation

A

bone

67
Q

major site of IGF-1 synthesis

A

liver

68
Q

growth in the body mainly via IGF-1 causes increased

A

organ size, organ function, linear growth

69
Q

GH and IGF-1 causes amino acid uptake and protein synthesis causing increased __

A

lean body mass

70
Q

GH and IGF-1 can lead to reduced

A

glucose utilization

71
Q

GH and IGF-1 can lead to increased

A
  • hepatic glucose production
  • insulin secretion
72
Q

GH and IGF-1 decreases the amount of __ tissue

A

adipose

73
Q

GH and IGF-1 stimulate __

A

chondrogenesis

74
Q

in adults GH and IGF-1 play a role in increasing __

A

bone turnover

Physio (34 decks)

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