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Physio > Cell Membrane Part 1 > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

four organic molecules that make up the plasma membrane

A

phospholipids, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates

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2
Q

what are functions of the cell membrane?

A

-separate cytoplasm from ECF
-regulate exchange
-communicate with other cells
-provide structural attachments between cells and extracellular matrix

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3
Q

why is the cell membrane referred to as the fluid mosaic model?

A

it is not a solid and is liquid and moveable (at body temp)

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4
Q

at body temperature the plasma membrane has a consistency of a

A

thick oil

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5
Q

what portion of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

the tails (inner)

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6
Q

what portion of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

heads (outer portionof membrane)

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7
Q

phospholipids are __ and organized into a __

A

amphipathic, bilayer

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8
Q

phospholipids function to create a

A

barrier

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9
Q

permeable compounds of the phospholipid bilayer

A

-hydrophobic (fatty acids, steroids, etc.)
-lipophilic (ethanol)
-water (exception)

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10
Q

non- permeable compounds of the phospholipid bilayer

A

-large
-polar
-charged (glucose, ions, etc.)

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11
Q

what are examples of particles that are non- permeable to the phospholipid bilayer? (be specific)

A

glucose
NA+
Cl-

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12
Q

where do you find cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A

within fatty center

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13
Q

cholesterol is

A

hydrophobic substance

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14
Q

cholesterol keeps membrane __ over a wide range of temps.

A

fluid

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15
Q

the more cholesterol in the membrane the _____ the temperature can be before ________

A

lower; freezing

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16
Q

cholesterol makes membrane __ tight

A

water

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17
Q

Variation in cholesterol allows for certain membranes to be

A

water tight and other to not be

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18
Q

If your blood cholesterol is low how does this affect the plasma membrane?

A

No, it doesn’t!!!!
the amount of cholesterol is based on the genes coded in that specific cell

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19
Q

anything that alters protein shape will also alter protein __

A

function

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20
Q

in protein what determines function?

A

shape

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21
Q

factor that affects protein primary structure

A

mutations

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22
Q

factor that affects protein secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure (how cells regulate proteins)

A

covalent/ allosteric modulation

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23
Q

denaturation is caused by a change in

A

pH, temp., and osmolarity

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24
Q

primary structure of protein

A

sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain

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25
Q

secondary structure of protein

A

local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone (excluding the side chains) stabilized by** hydrogen bonds**
-alpha
-beta sheets

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26
Q

tertiary structure of protein

A

overall the three-dimension folding driven largely by interactions between R groups

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27
Q

quaternary structure of protein

A

the association of several protein chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement

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28
Q

denature of protein

A

loss of 2,3,4 protein structure

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29
Q

mutation of protein

A

-affects primary structure

-can have single amino acid change (minor, but still in many cases significant change leading to disease)

-wide-range amino acid changes by e.g. truncation of C-terminus after introducing premature stop codon

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30
Q

structural classifications of proteins of cell membrane

A

-transmembrane
-integral
-peripheral

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31
Q

transmembrane protein

A

spans the membrane

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32
Q

intergral protein

A

reside within the bilayer membranes on inner or outer portion (DO NOT SPAN)

33
Q

peripheral

A

On the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer, but not embedded in its hydrophobic core

34
Q

factor that affects protein secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure

A

denaturation (completely unfolded)

35
Q

functional classification of proteins

A

receptors, transport proteins, structural proteins, enzymes

36
Q

receptors bind to specific __ signals (ligands) and transmit information to the __

A

chemical, cytoplasm

37
Q

3 properties of receptors

A
  1. specificity
  2. saturation
  3. competition
38
Q

with specificity,what of the binding site determines what will bind?

A

(specific) shape

39
Q

with specificity each protein interacts with one type of

A

substance or class of substances

40
Q

the body has a set number of

A

proteins and binding sites

41
Q

saturation is the fraction of total binding sites that are

A

occupied at any given time

42
Q

saturation is dependent on

A

protein and substance

(higher the ligand concentration higher the saturation)

43
Q

transport rate is proportional to substrate concentration until the

A

carriers are saturated

44
Q

level of inhibition in competition is dependent on

A

protein, endogenous ligand, and competitive inhibitor

45
Q

with a competitive inhibitor ________ binds to the active site and the __________ is blocked from binding?

A

exogenous ligand, endogenous ligand

46
Q

exogenous ligand

A

something we put in our body (ex. penicillin. ACE inhibitor)

47
Q

when exogenous ligand bound it does not

A

produce an effect

48
Q

agonist will

A

also activate the receptor

49
Q

antagonist will

A

block receptor and have no response

50
Q

response of a cell to a chemical signal is __ mediated not __ mediated

A

receptor, signal

51
Q

Cell response is

A

RECEPTOR MEDIATED

52
Q

Cell response is not

A

SINGNAL MEDIATED

53
Q

what will activate a receptor and generate a response?

A

primary ligand and agonist

54
Q

what will block the receptor and generate no response?

A

antagonist

55
Q

(cell response)
two different ligands binding to the same receptor=

A

-same response

56
Q

(cell response) no receptor =

A

no response

57
Q

(Cell response) one ligand binding to two different receptors=

A

two different responses

58
Q

receptor affinity is the __ of ligand- receptor binding

A

strength/ ease

59
Q

affinity is directly proportionate to the number of

A

ligands bound to receptors at any given ligand

60
Q

Kd= ligand concentration is when

A

half the receptors are occupied

61
Q

affinity is inversely related to the

A

Kd value (1/Kd)

62
Q

If the there is a LOW affinity for the receptor the KD value will be

A

HIGH

63
Q

If the there is a HIGH affinity for the receptor the KD value will be

A

LOW

64
Q

If the there is a LOW KB value the affinity for the receptor will be

A

HIGH

65
Q

If the there is a HIGH KB value the affinity for the receptor will be

A

LOW

66
Q

if the Kd value were to increase the affinity will __

A

decrease

67
Q

Which drug has a higher affinity?

A

Drug 2

68
Q

which drug has the lower affinity for the receptor?

A

Drug 1

69
Q

which receptor has the largest KD value?

A

Protein 3

70
Q

which receptor has the lowest KD Value?

A

protein 1

71
Q

If almost all of the the ligands are bound to the receptor the affinity will be

A

high

72
Q

if almost none of the ligands are bound to the receptor the affinity will be

A

low

73
Q

which drug has the higher affinity to the receptor?

A

Drug B

74
Q

what protein property does this graph show?

A

competition

75
Q

What protein property does this graph show?

A

saturation

76
Q

What protein property does this graph show?

A

specificity

77
Q

which drug would have a low Kd value for the receptor?

A

Drug B

78
Q

What could you do to help the cell achieve a greater maximum than what is shown?

A

add more receptors

79
Q

What substances would NOT be able to cross the plasma membrane that is composed only of phospholipids

A

glucose
amino acids

Physio (34 decks)

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