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Physio > Blood and hemostasis > Flashcards

Blood and hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

how many liters of blood in men vs women?

A

5, 4

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2
Q

what is 55% of the whole blood?

A

plasma

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2
Q

blood makes up __ of body weight

A

7%

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3
Q

plasma contains

A

-92% H2O
-7% protein
-1% dissolved substances

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3
Q

what is 45% of the whole blood?

A

blood cells

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3
Q

hematocrit range in men

A

42-54%

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4
Q

plasma proteins made by the __

A

liver

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5
Q

serum= plasma __ proteins

A

clotting

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5
Q

hematocrit range in women

A

38-46%

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5
Q

hematocrit is the percent of total blood volume occupied by __

A

RBCs

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6
Q

hematocrit is the primary determinant of blood __

A

viscosity

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7
Q

increasing hematocrit will __ resistance and __ flow rate

A

increase, decrease

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8
Q

all formed elements (myeloid and lymphoid) produced from a common __

A

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

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9
Q

hematopoiesis production of specific blood components dependent on which __ are present

A

control factors

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10
Q

Leukocytes–

A

CSFs and ILs
(complex process)

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10
Q

erythrocytes-

A

Erythropoietin

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11
Q

erythrocytes transport __ between tissues and lungs

A

O2 and CO2

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12
Q

Thrombocytes-

A

Thrombopoietin

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13
Q

most abundant blood cell

A

erythrocytes

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14
Q

RBC anatomy important because

A

-large surface area for diffusion
-easily slip through capillaries

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14
Q

erythrocytes __ in shape with a flexible membrane

A

biconcave disk

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15
Q

RBCs contain no __

A

nucleus, organelles, DNA, or centrioles

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15
Q

hemoglobin in RBCs bind __

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide

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16
Q

RBCs contain these enzymes __

A

-glycolytic
-carbonic anhydrase

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16
Q

erythrocytes have a short life span of about __ days

A

120

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17
Q

erythrocytes synthesized in red bone marrow by a process called __

A

erythropoiesis

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18
Q

__ percent of erythrocytes lost a day

A

1%

19
Q

erythrocytes filtered by the __

A

spleen and liver

20
Q

__ triggers differentiation of stem cells to erythrocytes

A

erythropoietin

21
Q

young erythrocytes called __

A

reticulocytes

22
Q

some reticulocytes contain __

A

ribosomes

23
Q

reticulocytes are __ of circulating RBC

A

1%

24
Q

reticulocytes levels increase during periods of __ production

A

rapid RBC

25
Q

erythrocyte production requires

A

-iron
-folic acid
-vit. B12

26
Q

iron is a component of __

A

hemoglobin

26
Q

folic acid and Vit. B12 is necessary for __

A

DNA replication

26
Q

not enough Vit. B12 can cause __

A

Pernicious Anemia

26
Q

in the life cycle of a RBC __ is recycled

A

iron

26
Q

anemia is decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to decreased __

A

RBC or hemoglobin

26
Q

liver and spleen metabolizes __

A

hemoglobin

27
Q

hemochromatosis is too much __

A

iron

27
Q

__ 25% of body iron

A

ferritin

28
Q

__ secreted along with bile in small intestine

A

bilirubin/ biliverdin

28
Q

dietary anemia

A

– Iron: iron-deficiency anemia
– Vitamin B12: pernicious anemia

29
Q

Patients with chronic renal failure have too little __

A

erythropoietin

30
Q

what also increases RBC production?

A

testosterone

31
Q

Aplastic anemia due to __

A

– Bone marrow defect

31
Q

Hemolytic anemia due to __

A

– Malaria
– Sickle cell anemia

31
Q

Hemorrhagic anemia due to __

A

bleeding

31
Q

Renal anemia due to __

A

Kidney disease

32
Q

Polycythemia due to hematocrit >__

A

60%

33
Q

Antigens (also called agglutinogens) are
proteins capable of inducing an __ response

A

immune

33
Q

Polycythemia vera

A

-genetic
-over produce RBCs
-clotting risk

33
Q

RBCs have __ that serve as antigens

A

glycoproteins and glycolipids

34
Q

secondary polycythemia

A

-hypoxia/ high altitude
-heart failure

35
Q

Most antigens on RBC are relatively __

A

weak

36
Q

Unlike most immune reactions, a person already has antibodies/ agglutinins (IgMs) to __

A

A/B antigens

37
Q

person develops blood antibodies __ after birth

A

2-8 months

38
Q

antibodies for blood introduced to the immune system through __

A

food and bacteria

39
Q

If a person receives RBCs with antigens that they have agglutinins/ antibodies against, the
RBCs will __

A

agglutinate

40
Q

Antigens have multiple binding sites as do antibodies, so __

A

multiple RBCs clump together

41
Q

when blood is transfused, it is not usually whole blood but __

A

packed RBCs

42
Q

only reaction to worry about during transfusion is __

A

recipients plasma and donors RBCs

43
Q

may see mild agglutination in 2-4 weeks if Rh- receives __

A

Rh+ RBCs

44
Q

erythroblasosis not an issue with __ pregnancy

A

first

45
Q

during second pregnancy materal IgG cross __ and destroys fetal __

A

placenta, RBCs

46
Q

treatment for erythroblastosis fetalis administration of __ after delivery

A

anti-RhD immunoglobulin (RhoGAM)

Physio (34 decks)

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