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Physio > Immune system > Flashcards

Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

most abundancy in order

A

-neutrophils
-lymphocytes
-monocytes
-eosinophils
-basophils

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2
Q

signs of acute inflammation

A

-rubor
-calor
-dolor
-swelling
-loss of function

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3
Q

innate immunity primarily accomplished by __

A

neutrophils and macrophages

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3
Q

phagocytes recognize its “meal” by

A
  1. toll- like receptors
  2. rough surface
  3. has antibody attached
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4
Q

secreted interferons cause uninfected cells to produce enzymes that __

A

inhibit viral replication

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5
Q

complement system leads to

A
  1. enhances inflammation
  2. opsonization of pathogens
  3. forms membrane- attack complex (MAC) that lyses pathogens
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6
Q

antigen presenting cells (APCs) present antigens to MHC class __ molecules

A

II

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7
Q

APCS bind to and activate __ cells

A

T helper (CD4)

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7
Q

T helper (CD4) cells activate the two branches of Acquired Immunity

A
  1. humoral
  2. cell- mediated
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8
Q

T helper cell actions

A

-recruit cytotoxic and suppressor T cells
-recruit B cells
-more T helper cells
-activate macrophage system

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8
Q

activated B cells develop into __

A

plasma cells

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8
Q

MHC class II found on __ involved in presenting __

A

antigen presenting cells, T helper

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9
Q

MHC class I display __ of self and foreign antigens when infected

A

unique characteristics

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9
Q

T helper cells activate the macrophage system and helps to __

A
  1. move macrophages away
  2. more efficient phagocytosis
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10
Q

all cells have MHC __

A

I

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10
Q

after binding antigens, cytotoxic T cells

A

a. secrete perforin to punch holes in membrane
2. release granzymes to stimulate apoptosis

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10
Q

suppressor T cells can suppress __

A

both cytotoxic and helper T cells

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10
Q

B cells and the antibodies create __ immunity

A

humoral

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11
Q

Many T cells may function as suppressors by secreting __

A

inhibitory cytokines

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11
Q

__ region (variable portion) with antigen specificity

A

Fab

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12
Q

__ region (constant portion) determines diffusivity

A

Fc

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12
Q

phagocytes have __ receptors, so antibody binding to antigen enhances phagocytosis (opsonization)

A

Fc

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13
Q

heavy chain also determines __ classification

A

Ig

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14
Q

IgG __ activation

A

compliment

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14
Q

IgG most Ig in __

A

blood

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15
Q

IgG __ bacteria

A

opsonizes

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15
Q

IgG is antibody- dependent cell- mediated cytotoxicity mediated by __

A

NK cells and macrophages

15
Q

IgG neutralizes bacterial __

A

toxins and viruses

16
Q

IgG mediates type __ hypersensitivity reaction

A

II

16
Q

IgG primary antibody in the __ response

A

secondary

17
Q

IgE defends against __ infections

A

parasitic

17
Q

IgE mediates immediate type __ hypersensitivity reactions

A

I

18
Q

IgA most abundant in the __

A

body

18
Q

IgA secretory Ig synthesized by __ cells in __ glands

A

plasma, exocrine

18
Q

IgE activates __

A

basophils, mast cells and eosinophils

19
Q

IgM most __ activator of complement

A

potent

19
Q

IgM are the __

A

largest

19
Q

IgA __ immunity

A

mucosal and neonatal

19
Q

IgM __ produced in response to an antigen

A

first type

19
Q

IgM membrane bound on __ but can also be secreted as a __

A

B (monomer), pentamer

20
Q

IgD __ bound

A

membrane

20
Q

IgD receptor on __ lymphocytes

A

B

20
Q

a secondary immune response is __ than the primary response

A

faster, stronger, longer

20
Q

clonal deletion occurs within the fetal __

A

thymus and bone marrow

20
Q

clonal anergy (peripheral tolerance) self- antigenic cells become __

A

non- functional

20
Q

immune tolerance theory- exposure of T cells to antigens __ from immune system

A

previously sequestered

20
Q

molecular mimicry by invading pathogens occurs in __

A

rheumatic fever

21
Q

immune tolerance theory- failure of regulation of __ lymphocytes

A

self- reactive

21
Q

immune tolerance theory- modification of __ antigens

A

self

21
Q

immune tolerance theory- molecular mimicry by invading __

A

pathogens

22
Q

immune tolerance theory- inappropriate expression of class __ MHC molecules

A

II

22
Q

IgE type __

A

I

23
Q

examples of autoimmune diseases

A

-rheumatic fever
-myasthenia gravis
-lupus
-rheumatoid arthritis
-sjorgens syndrome
-MS
-type I diabetes
-graves disease

23
Q

examples of IgE type I reactions

A

allergic and anaphylactic reactions, asthma

23
Q

IgG type __

A

II, III

23
Q

cell type __ reaction

A

IV

23
Q

examples of IgG type II reactions

A

blood transfusion, hemolytic disease

23
Q

examples of IgG type III reactions

A

lupus, graves, myasthenia

24
Q

example of cell type IV reaction

A

contact dermatitis

25
Q

type I reaction increases __ and decreases __

A

respiratory resistance, BP

25
Q

release of secretory products from mast cells granules causes

A

-increased vascular permeability
-vasodilation
-smooth muscle contraction

25
Q

type IV hypersensitive reactions mediated by __ cells

A

T

25
Q

type I reaction occurs when IgE stimulates __

A

mast cells and basophils

25
Q

type IV hypersensitive reaction damage is delayed __

A

1-2 days

25
Q

type IV hypersensitive reaction __ activated and not much damage is caused

A

cytotoxic T cells

Physio (34 decks)

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