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Physio > Smooth muscle > Flashcards

Smooth muscle Flashcards

1
Q

smooth muscle surrounds __ organs

A

hollow

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2
Q

smooth muscle important in __ function and __

A

ocular, piloerection

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2
Q

smooth muscle has __ cells with a single central __

A

smaller, nucleus

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2
Q

smooth muscle contraction may cause __

A

propulsion or resistance

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3
Q

smooth muscle is regulated by

A

-efferent autonomic neurons
-hormones
-autocrine/ paracrine signals

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3
Q

smooth muscle is __

A

involuntary

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3
Q

a variety of stimuli can initiate contraction, including __ stimulation

A

intrinsic

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3
Q

maximum force generation __

A

greater

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4
Q

smooth muscle is specialized for __ contractions

A

slow, steady, long

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4
Q

contractions are __ to develop

A

slower

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4
Q

smooth muscle primarily __ metabolism

A

oxidative

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4
Q

contractions last significantly __

A

longer

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5
Q

smooth muscle is non __

A

striated

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5
Q

smooth muscle cellular shape is __

A

elongated and tapered

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6
Q

smooth muscle lacks __ and only has a rudimentary __

A

T- tubules, SR

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7
Q

__ duration of smooth muscle longer than skeletal and cardiac muscle

A

twitch

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8
Q

smooth muscle multi- unit has no __ junctions

A

gap

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9
Q

smooth muscle multi- unit each cell responds __

A

independently

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10
Q

smooth muscle multi- unit muscles behaves as __

A

multiple units

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11
Q

smooth muscle multi- unit control exerted mainly by __

A

nerve signals

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12
Q

smooth muscle multi- unit have no __

A

tone

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13
Q

smooth muscle single- unit cells connected by __ junctions

A

gap

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14
Q

smooth muscle single- unit have functional __

A

syncytium

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14
Q

smooth muscle single- unit are controlled by a variety of __

A

stimuli

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15
Q

smooth muscle single- unit cells organize into __

A

sheets or bundles

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15
Q

smooth muscle single- unit may have __

A

tone

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16
Q

smooth muscle single- unit contain __ cells

A

pacemaker

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17
Q

myosin filaments interspersed with __

A

actin

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17
Q

smooth muscle has higher and longer levels of __

A

actin

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17
Q

alpha actin attaches actin to __

A

dense bodies

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18
Q

smooth muscle has few __ fibers

A

myosin

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18
Q

actin arranged __ to long axis of cell

A

diagonally

19
Q

smooth muscle myocytes lack __

A

troponin

20
Q

calcium binds to __

A

calmodulin

21
Q

smooth muscle contraction efficient over a side range of __

A

resting lengths

21
Q

what inhibits myosin ATPase?

A

calponin

22
Q

smooth muscle contraction results in __ up of cell

A

rounding

23
Q

what inhibits myosin/ actin bond?

A

caldesmon

24
Q

calcium binds to __ for contraction

A

calmodulin

24
Q

requirements for smooth muscle contraction

A

-calcium
-ATP
-myosin light chain phosphorylation

25
Q

myosin light chain phosphorylation required for __

A

myosin head to interact with actin

26
Q

calcium removes __ from action

A

calponin and caldesmon

27
Q

what adds phosphate and begins contraction?

A

myosin light chain kinase

28
Q

what removes phosphate and stops contraction?

A

myosin light chain phosphatase

29
Q

smooth muscle contraction can be stimulated by __

A

-stretch
-ligands
-intrinsic activity (pacemaker cells)

30
Q

what are not necessarily required to increase contractile force?

A

APs

30
Q

smooth muscle cells are normally __ and can alter this force

A

contracted

31
Q

many smooth muscle cells are __ smooth muscle cells

A

tonic

32
Q

cross- bridge cycling in smooth muscle controlled by __

A

Ca2+

33
Q

cross- bridge cycling controlled by Ca2+ regulated enzyme that __ myosin

A

phosphorylates

34
Q

what is the only form of smooth muscle myosin that can undergo cross bridge cycling?

A

phosphorylated

35
Q

sources of cytosolic Ca2+

A

-SR
-Ca2+ channels

35
Q

to relax Ca2+ removed from the SR via __

A

Ca2+ ATPase

35
Q

to relax Ca2+ removed from the ECF via __

A

-Ca2+ ATPase
-Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

36
Q

smooth muscle spontaneous electrical activity has __ cells

A

pacemaker

36
Q

smooth muscle spontaneous electrical activity slow __ to threshold

A

depolarization

36
Q

When myosin is
dephosphorylated,
myosin and actin may form __

A

latch- bridges

37
Q

tension maintained although Ca2+ levels decreased known as __ state

A

latch

37
Q

smooth muscle spontaneous electrical activity resting membrane not __

A

stable

37
Q

When myosin is
phosphorylated, cross
bridges repeatedly form
& break if __ is present

A

ATP

37
Q

latch state is sustained contraction at low __

A

cost

38
Q

__ contractions create smooth muscle tone

A

tonic

39
Q

smooth muscle spontaneous electrical activity __ unknown

A

mechanism

40
Q

smooth muscle autonomic motor neurons NT released into __

A

interstitial fluid

40
Q

smooth muscle spontaneous electrical activity pacemaker cells found in __

A

GI tract

40
Q

smooth muscle autonomic motor neurons do not form __

A

synapses

41
Q

smooth muscle autonomic motor neurons axons have __

A

varicosities

42
Q

smooth muscle autonomic motor neurons distribute to receptors via __

A

simple diffusion

42
Q

smooth muscle hormonal control may or may not induce __ change

A

Vm

42
Q

smooth muscle autonomic motor neurons may be influenced by more than one __

A

varicosity

43
Q

smooth muscle autonomic motor neurons can __ contraction

A

stimulate or inhibit

44
Q

smooth muscle hormonal control __ contraction

A

activate or inhibit

45
Q

smooth muscle activation by local factors

A

-paracrine signaling
-acidity
-O2 and CO2 levels
-osmolarity
-ion composition

46
Q

local factors alters smooth muscles contraction in response to __

A

internal environment

47
Q

local factors are independent of long distance signals from __

A

nerves and hormones

47
Q

does smooth muscle have all or none twitch?

A

no

48
Q

does length/ tnesion affect smooth muscle?

A

no

48
Q

does smooth muscle have summation?

A

yes

Physio (34 decks)

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