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Physio > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis is the process of maintaining a relatively stable __ environment (set point) in spite of changing __ environments

A

internal, external

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2
Q

set point

A

ideal/stable state

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3
Q

what is the difference in steady state equilibrium?

A

steady state energy input is required and in this state it may change over a short period of time

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4
Q

homeostasis is NOT

A

at equilibrium

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5
Q

homeostasis is important for

A

cell function

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6
Q

extracellular fluild is _____ the body, _______ the cell

A

inside; outside

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7
Q

extracellular fluid consists of

A

plasma
interstitial fluid

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8
Q

plasma is __ blood vessels, ________ cells

A

in, outside

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9
Q

plasma __ portion of blood

A

fluid

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10
Q

interstitial fluid is __ blood vessels and cells

A

outside

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11
Q

intracellular fluid (ICF)- intracellular environment=

A

inside cells, cytoplasm

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12
Q

what regions are considered outside the body?

A

-GI Tract
-exiting portion of the renal system
-passage way of air coming in prior to gas exchange

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13
Q

blood glucose levels increase after eating, return to their set point via __

A

homeostasis

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14
Q

homeostasis is a __ process, not a __ process

A

dynamic, static

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15
Q

Homestatic processes

A

restore balance

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16
Q

homeostasis is in a steady state (__), homeostasis is not at _________

A

energy input, equilibrium

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17
Q

_______ is needed to maintain the set point

A

energy

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18
Q

examples of cellular homeostasis

A

-cell function
-single cell cytoplasm
-necessary for normal cell function
-relies on extracellular fluid

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19
Q

two types of homeostatic processes to maintain extracellular fluid homeostasis

A

local and systemic

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20
Q

local homeostasis is restricted to

A

one tissue space

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21
Q

local homeostasis utilizes

A

paracrines and autocrines

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22
Q

local homeostasis maintains function of

A

tissue

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23
Q

systemic homeostasis involves the

A

entire body

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24
Q

systemic uses what two systems?

A

endocrine and nervous

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25
Q

Systemic can _______ local

A

overide

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26
Q

paracrines target cells in __ proximity to site of release of __ substance

A

close, paracrine

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27
Q

systemic homeostasis maintains function of

A

heart and brain

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28
Q

autocrine

A

release to self

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29
Q

endocrine use ________ to target cells

A

hormones

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30
Q

endocrine releases into the

A

blood stream

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31
Q

nervous system uses _______ to target cells

A

electrical signal/ neurotransmitter

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32
Q

what is the order of the homeostatic process?

A

Stimulus
Relex Receptor
Afferent Pathway
Integrating Center
Efferent Pathway
Effector
Effector Response

SRRI 3E

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33
Q

examples of changes in (substances) ECF

A

-Na+, K+, Ca2+
-H+ (pH)
-glucose, O2, CO2
-endocrine (hormones) and neural (neurotransmitters)

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34
Q

stimulus is stimulated by changes in

A

ECF composition, body temp., BP

35
Q

stimulus causes

A

the entire process to run from start to finish as long as there are no damages to the pathway

36
Q

reflex receptor has a threshold stimulus (sensitivity) determines the __ of the __

A

amplitude, normal range

37
Q

reflex receptor detects changes in __

A

substance

38
Q

reflex receptors can be a __ of cells, individual cells, cell parts or molecules in __ or cytoplasm of cell

A

cluster, membrane

39
Q

What determines the normal range of a homeostatic process?

A

Threshold Stimulus

40
Q

the less sensitive the reflex receptor there will be a __ normal range

A

wider

41
Q

the more sensitive a reflex receptor there will be a __ normal range

A

narrow (pH)

42
Q

afferent pathway carries information from __ to __

A

reflex receptors, integrating center

43
Q

What part of the pathway is only found in the nervous system?

A

Afferent

44
Q

afferent pathway contains __ neurons

A

sensory

45
Q

function of the integrating center

A

receives stimulus, analyzes information, generates appropriate response

46
Q

What is an example of an Integrating center in the endocrine system?

A

the endocrine gland

47
Q

What is an example of an Integrating center in the nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

48
Q

efferent pathway

A

carries command to the effector

49
Q

What is an example of an efferent pathway in the nervous system?

A

motor neurons

50
Q

What is an example of an efferent pathway in the endocrine system?

A

hormones

51
Q

effector

A

any cell affected by efferent pathway

52
Q

what are the two type of effector response?

A

local and systemic

53
Q

systemic effector response- how __ (whole body) changed by __ effector response

A

ECF, local

54
Q

different efferent pathways can create the same __ effector response while having different __ effector responses

A

systemic, local

55
Q

the integrating center contains the __ gland

A

endocrine es= endocrine system

56
Q

local effector response is how __ (effector) function is changed by the __ pathway

A

cell, efferent

57
Q

in the afferent pathway there are __ reflexes ONLY

A

nervous system

58
Q

nerve cell

A
59
Q

overall flowchart of simple systemic homeostatic process

A

stimulus-> reflex receptor-> afferent pathway-> integrating center-> efferent pathway-> effector-> effector response

60
Q

autocrines substance acts on __ cell that secretes the __

A

same, substance

61
Q

systemic homeostasis utilizes

A

nervous system and endocrine system

62
Q

examples of extracellular fluid homeostasis

A

-outside cell
-necessary for cell function
-two types

63
Q

when homeostasis is maintained we refer to __; when it is not, we refer to __

A

physiology, pathophysiology

64
Q

in homeostasis physiological variables can change dramatically over a __ period, but the system is still in overall __

A

24 hr, balance

65
Q

homeostasis dynamic constancy is when levels change over __ periods of time, but remain relatively constant over __ periods of time

A

short, long

66
Q

two compartments of extracellular fluid

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

67
Q

extracellular fluid (ECF)-

A

internal environment, inside body, outside cells

68
Q

external environment=

A

outside body

69
Q

What are the two type of feedback loops?

A

positive and negative

70
Q

Negative feedback

A

-helps to maintaining the set point
-shuts off pathway

71
Q

positive feedback

A

increases further

72
Q

what are examples of negative feedback loop?

A

all homeostatic processes

73
Q

what are examples of positive feedback loop?

A

labor and platelet clotting

74
Q

It is the ________ _________response that alters the activity of the reflex receptor via negative feedback.

A

systemic effector

75
Q

The ________ pathway is found in reflexes mediated by both the nervous system and endocrine system.

A

efferent

76
Q

Negative feedback ___________the activity of the reflex receptor.

A

decreases

77
Q

Feedback regulation is how ________ ________ response changes the function of the reflex receptor

A

systemic effector

78
Q

what is the most common type of feedback?

A

negative

79
Q

tonic level of activity

A

when at rest it is never fully off and never fully on

80
Q

tonic level of activity allows for

A

more regulatory control.

81
Q

antagonistic control

A

systemic effect

2 different efferent pathway put in opposite direction

82
Q

mechanistic is

A

HOW

mecHanistic

83
Q

Teleological is

A

WHY

Physio (34 decks)

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