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Physio > Pulmonary circulation > Flashcards

Pulmonary circulation Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary circulation has lower __ than the system circulation

A

pressures, resistance, volume

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2
Q

pulmonary circulation has higher __ than the system circulation

A

compliance

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3
Q

pulmonary capillaries are more __ than systemic

A

distensible

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4
Q

pulmonary arteries and arterioles walls are __ - large compliance

A

thin and distensible

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5
Q

pulmonary arteries and arterioles diameters are __ than systemic

A

larger

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6
Q

at rest not all pulmonary capillaries are __

A

open

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7
Q

pulmonary veins much __ than systemic

A

shorter

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8
Q

bronchial circulation supplies oxygen and nutrients to the __ tree down to the terminal bronchioles

A

tracheobronchial

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9
Q

bronchial flow __ CO of the left ventricle

A

2%

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10
Q

blood in the left atrium has slightly lower O2 concentration because __ mixes with O2 blood in pulmonary veins

A

bronchial veins

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11
Q

respiratory zone receive oxygen directly from the __

A

alveolar air

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12
Q

respiratory zone receives nutrients from the __ blood in pulmonary circulation

A

mixed venous

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13
Q

Pcap filtration pressure around __

A

7 mmHg

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14
Q

left atrium pressure around __

A

2 mmHg

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15
Q

pulmonary blood volume around __ but highly variable

A

9%

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16
Q

examples of what increases blood volume

A

-inspiration
-lying down
-disease states (heart failure)

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17
Q

__ vessels more compliant to alter their size to changing __

A

pulmonary, pulmonary volumes

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18
Q

at rest a __ networks are closed, but can open if needed

A

pulmonary capillary

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19
Q

__ circulation not as prone to hypertension as the __ circulation

A

pulmonary, systemic

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20
Q

increase in CO will decrease pulmonary resistance through __

A

recruitment and distension of pulmonary capillaries

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21
Q

increase in blood flow leads to a decrease in pulmonary vascular __

A

resistance

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22
Q

when PAO2 (alveolar concentration of 02) drops 70% below normal, adjacent blood vessels __

A

constrict

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23
Q

when PAO2 (alveolar concentration of 02) is high, adjacent blood vessels __

A

dilate

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24
Q

blood is delivered to alveoli where it will have the most effective __

A

gas exchange

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25
Q

alveolar concentration of O2 matches __ with __

A

perfusion, ventilation

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26
Q

perfusion of hypoventilated alveolus would result in __ PAO2

A

decreased

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27
Q

decreased PAO2, __ occurs to reduce blood flow to hypoventilated alveoli

A

hypoxic pulmonary vasocontriction

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28
Q

vasodilators for pulmonary arterioles

A

-high O2 alveoli*
-dopamine
-bradykinin
-prostacyclin
-NO
-histamine (H2)
-acetylcholine

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29
Q

vasoconstrictors for pulmonary arterioles

A

-low O2 alveoli*
-high CO2 alveoli*
-norepinephrine
-angiotensin II
-endothelin
-vasopressin
-thromboxane A2

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30
Q

alveolar vessels include

A

pulmonary capillaries, smallest arterioles and venules

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31
Q

extra- alveolar vessels include

A

all other vessels

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32
Q

PVR= total of __

A

alveolar vessels+ extra alveolar vessel resistance

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33
Q

during inspiration alveolar are compressed and their resistance __

A

increases

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34
Q

extra- alveolar vessels have __ resistance

A

decreased

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35
Q

FRC (functional lung capacity) is the volume of air in lungs after a __

A

normal expiration

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36
Q

at low lung volumes, extraalveolar vessel resistance increases which __

A

increases total PVR

37
Q

at high lung volumes, alveolar vessel resistance increases which __

A

increases total PVR

38
Q

hydrostatic pressure alters __ blood flow

A

regional pulmonary

39
Q

lung is divided into __ zones

A

3

40
Q

zone 1 of the lung

A

most superior (apex of lung)

41
Q

zone 2 of the lung

A

middle

42
Q

zone 3 of the lung

A

inferior (base of lung)

43
Q

zone 3 has the highest __

A

hydrostatic pressure

44
Q

pulmonary capillaries in the zones of the lung experience force from __

A

fluids inside (Pc) and outside the vessel (Palv)

45
Q

The hydrostatic pressure of the blood inside of the capillaries (Pa) favors __

A

filtration (keeps vessel open)

46
Q

The tissue pressure (Palv) outside the capillary opposes filtration and favors vessel __

A

collapse

47
Q

only the capillaries and smallest of the arterioles and venules are altered by __

A

Pa

48
Q

in zone 1 Pa is __ than PA

A

lower

49
Q

in zone 1 capillaries are __

A

compressed

50
Q

if Pa __ or PA __, a greater portion of the lung is converted to zone 1

A

drops, increases

51
Q

zone 2 has has a higher __ due to gravity

A

Pa

52
Q

in zone 2 Pa is __ than PA during systole

A

higher

53
Q

in zone 2 blood flow is __

A

intermittent

54
Q

zone 3 has the highest __ due to gravity

A

Pa

55
Q

zone 3 blood flow is __

A

continuous

56
Q

in zone 3 blood flow is continuous because Pa remains higher than PA during __

A

both systole and diastole

57
Q

majority of lungs have zone __ blood flow

A

2 and 3

58
Q

__ converts zone 2 into zone 3 blood flow

A

exercise

59
Q

when in the __ position, lungs mostly zone 2 blood flow because gravity reduced

A

supine

60
Q

in normal individual, __ of lung has a higher V/Q

A

apex

61
Q

from zone 1 to zone 3, there is a __ in ventilation than blood flow

A

slower increase

62
Q

Fast, shallow breaths in upright position cause V/Q mismatch because air flows to __ lobes and blood to __ lobes

A

upper, lower

63
Q

apex receives more __ than blood flow

A

ventilation

64
Q

base receives more __ than ventilation

A

blood flow

65
Q

alveoli at the base receives more __ than those in the apex

A

ventilation

66
Q

the pulmonary capillaries at the base receive more __ than those in the apex

A

blood flow

67
Q

normal whole lung V/Q is 0.8 which means there is more __ flow than __ flow

A

blood, air

68
Q

ventilation in zone 1 vs. zone 3

A

-intrapleural pressure more negative
-greater transmural pressure gradient
-alveoli larger, less compliant
-less ventilation

69
Q

perfusion zone 1 vs. zone 3

A

-lower intravascular pressure
-less recrutiment distension
-higher resistance
-less blood flow

70
Q

if ventilation is limited than V/Q is __

A

lower

71
Q

if ventilation is limited thus O2 is __ and CO2 is __

A

low, high

72
Q

if ventilation is limited smooth muscles in the __ constriction

A

vaso

73
Q

if perfusion is limited than V/Q is __

A

higher

74
Q

if perfusion is limited thus O2 is __ and CO2 is __

A

high, low

75
Q

if perfusion is limited than smooth muscles in the __ constriction

A

broncho

76
Q

fluid filtration is determined by __

A

hydrostatic fluid forces and capillary and interstitial colloid

77
Q

if Pif is negative, it is __ pressure

A

filtration

78
Q

if Pif is positive it is an __ pressure

A

absorption

79
Q

hydrostatic pressures

A

-capillary pressure (Pc)
-interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)

80
Q

osmotic pressures

A

-plasma colloid osmotic pressure (πp)
-interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (πif)

81
Q

more negative peripheral interstitium, good favors __ from alveoli

A

fluid filtration

82
Q

interstitial Colloid Osmotic Pressure is double in systemic tissues because pulmonary capillaries are __

A

leaky to protein

83
Q

normal __ forces are greater than the __ forces

A

filtration, absorptive

84
Q

filtration forces greater so slight continual flow of fluid from the __ into the __

A

pulmonary capillaries, interstitial spaces

85
Q
A
86
Q

fluid that leaves the capillaries is absorbed by __ and return to thew circulation

A

lymphatic circulation

87
Q

extra fluid in the alveoli will be sucked into the __ due to negative pressure then picked up by lymphatic capillaries

A

interstitial space

88
Q

balance of pulmonary capillary and interstitial hydrostatic and colloid pressures can be disrupted resulting in __

A

pulmonary edema

89
Q

pulmonary edema can occur with __

A

-left side HF
-mitral valve stenosis
-pulmonary capillary membrane damage

Physio (34 decks)

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