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Physio > Cell Membrane Part 2 > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

transport proteins move __ substances across the __ of cell

A

hydrophilic, plasma membrane

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2
Q

3 types of transport proteins

A
  1. channels
  2. carriers
  3. active transporters
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3
Q

channels are transmembrane proteins with a 3D shape that form a small pore connecting

A

ECF and cytoplasm

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4
Q

channels go through the center of

A

membrane protein

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5
Q

many channels are made up of multiple

A

protein subunits

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6
Q

Channels transport

A

IONS

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7
Q

channels transport via

A

facilitated diffusion

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8
Q

function of channels

A

-facilitated diffusion of ions
-somewhat specific
-NOT saturable

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9
Q

channels can not be

A

saturated

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10
Q

open channels are always __ and ions freely flow through via __

A

OPEN, facilitated diffusion

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11
Q

two types of channels

A

open and gated

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12
Q

open channels create a __ pore

A

water filled

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13
Q

open channels also creates

A

“leak currents”

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14
Q

gated channels spend most their time __ and only open when __

A

closed, stimulated

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15
Q

3 types of gated channels

A

chemically, mechanically, and voltage gated

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16
Q

phosphorylation- gated ion channel= __

A

covalent modulation (activator)

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17
Q

ligand- gated ion channels= __ modulation

A

allosteric (activator)

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18
Q

allosteric and covalent modulation help to

A

control proteins

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19
Q

2 parts of covalent modulation

A
  1. kinase (P becomes bound)
  2. phosphatase (P removed)
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20
Q

voltage- gated ion channel goes from closed to open through change in

A

membrane potential

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21
Q

stretch or pressure- gated ion channels go from closed to open by

A

stretch

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22
Q

Carriers proteins transport

A

building blocks

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23
Q

carriers use

A

facilitated diffusion

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24
Q

carrier transmembrane proteins moves hydrophilic building blocks across the plasma membrane via __

A

facilitated diffusion (passive)

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25
Q

what are examples of building blocks transported by carriers?

A

glucose and amino acids

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26
Q

3 properties of carriers

A
  1. specificity
  2. saturation
  3. competition
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27
Q

how carriers work

A

passage open to one size-> transition state, both gates closed-> passage open to other side

never open to both sides at the same time

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28
Q

carrier proteins are NEVER

A

open on both sides

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29
Q

active transporters transmembrane proteins moves ions and hydrophilic building blocks across via __

A

active transport (requires energy)

30
Q

active transport moves

A

building blocks and ions

31
Q

active transport uses

A

energy

32
Q

all epithelial cells sit on the

A

basement membrane

33
Q

3 properties of active transporters

A
  1. specificity
  2. saturation
  3. competition
34
Q

structural proteins forms cell to cell attachments that hold __ cells together

A

adjacent epithelial

35
Q

epithelial tissue closest to the lumen known as the

A

apical surface

36
Q

epithelial tissue further away from the lumen known as the

A

basolateral

37
Q

gap junctions, desmosomes and tight junctions are a type of

A

structural protein

38
Q

gap junctions allow ______cell to cell communication via

A

rapid; ions

39
Q

the basement membrane __ epithelial cells

A

anchors

40
Q

between epithelial cells there are __ that hold them together

A

attachments

41
Q

tight junctions prevents intercellular movement of

A

fluid and dissolved substances

42
Q

enzymes can be __ proteins

A

integral, transmembrane, or peripheral membrane

43
Q

desmosomes provide

A

structural support

44
Q

enzymes catalyze specific chemical reactions either on the

A

ETC surface or inside cell

45
Q

3 properties of enzymes

A
  1. specificity
  2. saturation
  3. competition
46
Q

how long does it take to synthesize proteins?

A

2 hours

47
Q

interaction between substance and protein binding site follows the

A

mass action model

48
Q

many proteins are synthesized in advance and stored in __ form

A

inactive

49
Q

what is attached to the EC surface of membrane lipids and proteins?

A

carbohydrates

50
Q

carb attached to protein on surface of membrane

A

glycoprotein

51
Q

carb attached to phospholipid on membrane surface

A

glycolipid

52
Q

found on the EC surface

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins

53
Q

glycoprotein and glycolipids create a sugar coating on the outside of the cell known as

A

glycocalyx

54
Q

the glycocalyx plays an important role in enabling cells to

A

identify and interact with each other

55
Q

glycocalyx helps identify

A

self from non self (need a match for organ transplant)

56
Q

Concentration higher in the extracellular fluid

A

Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, glucose

57
Q

Concentration higher in the intracellular fluid

A

K+, Mg2+, phosphates, amino acids, pH, proteins

58
Q

why do you find ECF and ICF to be very different?

A

due to the plasma membrane

59
Q

composition of the plasma membrane is dependent on

A

cell function and location

60
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of Na+

A

outside the cell

61
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of K+

A

inside the cell

62
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of Ca++

A

outside the cell

63
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of Cl-

A

outside the cell

64
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of Mg++

A

inside the cell

65
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of HCO3-

A

outside the cell

66
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of phosphates

A

inside the cell

67
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of Glucose

A

outside the cell

68
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of Amino Acids

A

inside the cell

69
Q

where do you find higher pH

A

inside the cell

70
Q

where do you find higher concentrations of proteins

A

inside the cell

Physio (34 decks)

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