Transport, Nutrition and Gas exchange in flowering plants

Question 1

4 materials transported in plants

Answer 1

H2O, minerals, CO2, photosynthetic products

Question 2

where and how is absorption of H2O

Answer 2

root epidermal cells by osmosis

Question 3

2 ways root epidermal cells ares are adapted for absorption

Answer 3

root hairs for surface area

the cytoplasm has low H2O concentration

Question 4

how and where does water move along cells

Answer 4

by osmosis from cell to cell across the ground tissue into the xylem

Question 5

where does H2O diffuse

Answer 5

into the spaces between the cells

Question 6

how does H2O move in xylem vessels

Answer 6

upwards

Question 7

how does water move upwards in plants 4

Answer 7

root pressure
transpiration
cohesion
adhesion

Question 8

root pressure

Answer 8

the forced that pushes H2O up the xylem from root to stem. H2O enters root epidermal cells by osmosis and pushes H2O up the stem
can only push it up a few meters

Question 9

transpiration

Answer 9

the loss of H2O vapour from a plant. It occurs through the stomata in the epidermis of leaves and stems, and through the lenticels of woody stems

Question 10

How does transpiration occur?

Answer 10

H2O evaporates from cells in the ground tissue of the leaf into the air spaces, it then diffuses out through the stomata.
H2O is pulled out of the xylem vessels and up the stem to replace the H2O lost.

Question 11

cohesion

Answer 11

the attractive force between similar molecules. H2O molecules are attracted to each other

Question 12

adhesion

Answer 12

the attractive force between different molecules. H2O molecules are attracted to the walls of the xylem vessels.

Question 13

what helps the cohesion

Answer 13

the never narrow diameter of xylem

Question 14

transpiration stream

Answer 14

the flow of water up a plant from root to leaf

Question 15

when is the rate of transpiration highest

Answer 15

in warm, bright breezy conditions when air humidity is low

Question 16

how much water must a plant absorb

Answer 16

enough water to replace the water it loses by transpiration

Question 17

the higher the rate of transpiration

Answer 17

the greater the amount of water that will be absorbed

Question 18

if a plant loses more water than it can absorb from the soil

Answer 18

the cells lose their turgidity,the plant wilts and may die

Question 19

3 ways plants reduce the rate of transpiration

Answer 19

leaves have a waxy cuticle
stomata on the undersurface of the leaf, less evaporation here
stomata can reduce in size and close together

Question 20

stomata

Answer 20

pores in the epidermis of leaves that allow exchange of gases

Question 21

what are each stoma surrounded by

Answer 21

a pair of guard cells

Question 22

shape of guard cells

Answer 22

they change shape by taking in or losing water

Question 23

what does the change in shape of the guard cells do?

Answer 23

opens and closes the stomata

Question 24

what does the level of CO2 in the air spaces between the cells control

Answer 24

the opening and closing of the stomata

Question 25

in daylight

Answer 25

the CO2 level in leaf air spaces is low, being used in photosynthesis
guard cells take in H2O by osmosis, become turgid and curve outwards
. stoma opens.

Question 26

in darkness

Answer 26

the CO2 level in leaf air spaces is high, being used in respiration and not being used in photosynthesis
guard cells lose H2O by osmosis, lose turgor and move closer together
. stoma closes.

Question 27

where and how are mineral ions absorbed

Answer 27

through root epidermal cells by diffusion and active transport

Question 28

where and how are minerals transported

Answer 28

from the roots to all parts of the plant, dissolved in H2O, in the xylem vessels

Question 29

where do plants get CO2 from? 2

Answer 29

from respiration in their own cells

also from the atmosphere through stomata

Question 30

how does CO2 move throughout the plant

Answer 30

by diffusion through air spaces between the cells

Question 31

2 photosynthetic products transported

Answer 31

sucrose oxygen

Question 32

formation and transport of sucrose

Answer 32

made from glucose by the plant

transported to all parts of the plant through phloem

Question 33

transport of food in phloem

Answer 33

translocation

Question 34

formation and transport of oxygen

Answer 34

produced during photosynthesis, can be used in plant respiration or can diffuse out of leaf through stomata

Question 35

3 storage organs in plants

Answer 35

modified root, tap root
modified stem, stem tuber
modified leaves

Question 36

modified root, tap root

Answer 36

when main root becomes fleshy and stores food eg. carrot

Question 37

modified stem, stem tuber

Answer 37

stem tips swell up to store food and form tubers eg. potato stem tuber