Cell continuity Flashcards
cell continuity
existing cells divide and produce new cells
genome
all the genetic material in an organism
where is most of the DNA in the cell found
in the nucleus
how is DNA organised
into structures called chromosomes
Chromosomes
thread like structures in the nucleus
what are chromosomes composed of
DNA and protein
carry thousands of genes
in a non-dividing cell, describe the chromosomes
uncoiled and form a tangled mass called chromatin
when a cell is dividing, describe the chromosomes
they contract and thicken
haploid cell
has one set of chromosomes
– one of each type of chromosomes
diploid cell
has two sets of chromosmes
– two of each type of chromosme
n represents
haploid cell
2n represents
diploid cell
what describes the sequence of events in a dividing cell
the cell cycle
interphase
the non-dividing cell
what happens to the cell during interphase
it grows and increases in size
what do cells make during interphase
proteins, lipids
what happens to during organelles interphase
they are replicated
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
- ribosomes
what happens to the DNA during interphase 2
it uncoils
it makes a copy of itself
what hold the identical chromosomes together
a centromere
what happens to the nucleus during division
it divides (mitosis)
what happens to the cytoplasm during division
it divides (cellular division)
all body cells in organisms of the same species have
the same number of chromosmes
during growth and cell multiplication, what must be kept constant
the number of chromosomes per cell must be kept constant
what does mitosis produce
2 identical daughter cells
explain how the 2 daughter cells are identical
the same number and same type of chromosomes
what cells can divide by mitosis
haploid and diploid cells