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Biology (Mona) > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine system,

A

made up of a number of secretory glands

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2
Q

gland

A

organ that makes chemicals and releases them out of the gland

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3
Q

endocrine gland 2

A

ductless

secretes hormones directly into the bloodstrean

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4
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messengers

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5
Q

what are hormones secreted by

A

endocrine glands

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6
Q

how are hormones transported

A

carried in the blood to the target area

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7
Q

what do hormones cause

A

a response in the target area (long-lasting effect)

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8
Q

most hormones are composed of what?

A

protein

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9
Q

exocrine gland 2

A

ducted glands

have tubes to carry secretions away

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10
Q

3 exocrine glands

A

salivary, sweat and mammary

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11
Q

pancreas

A

both an endocrine and exocrine gland

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12
Q

endocrine action in pancreas

A

production of enzymes in pancreatic juice for digestion

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13
Q

exocrine action in pancreas

A

production of insulin and glucagon

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14
Q

6 hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

A 
FSH
LH
Oxytocin
prolactin
TSH
ADH
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15
Q

function of FSH

A

stimulates agg and sperm formation

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16
Q

function of LH

A

stimulates ovulation in female

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17
Q

function of oxytocin

A

stimulates contraction in uterus during birth

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18
Q

function of prolactin

A

stimulates milk production

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19
Q

function of TSH

A

stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine

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20
Q

function of ADH

A

stimulates reabsorption of H2O in the kidney

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21
Q

6 hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

A 
FSH
LH
Oxytocin
prolactin
TSH
ADH
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22
Q

function of FSH

A

stimulates agg and sperm formation

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23
Q

function of LH

A

stimulates ovulation in female

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24
Q

function of oxytocin

A

stimulates contraction in uterus during birth

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25
Q

function of prolactin

A

stimulates milk production

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26
Q

function of TSH

A

stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine

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27
Q

function of ADH

A

stimulates reabsorption of H2O in the kidney

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28
Q

what does the thyroid secrete?

A

thyroxine

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29
Q

function of thyroxine 2

A

controls metabolic rate

stimulates growth and development in children

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30
Q

endocrine part of pancreas

A

islets of Langerhans

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31
Q

what does the pancreas secrete

A

insulin

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32
Q

function of insulin 2

A

lowers blood sugar

stimulates formation of glycogen in the liver

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33
Q

what secretes adrenaline

A

adrenals

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34
Q

function of adrenaline 2

A

fight/flight response

raises blood sugar and heart rate

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35
Q

2 secretions of ovary

A

oestrogen and progesterone

36
Q

function of oestrogen 2

A

development of female sexual characteristics

repair and growth of lining of womb

37
Q

function of progesterone

A

growth and maturation of lining of womb

38
Q

what do the testis secrete

A

testosterone

39
Q

function of testosterone 2

A

development of male sexual characteristics

formation of sperm in males

40
Q

what does the thyroid gland consist of

A

2 lobes in front of the trachea in the throat

41
Q

what does the thyroid produce

A

the hormone thyroxine

42
Q

what does thyroxine consist of

A

protein and iodine

43
Q

what controls the release of thyroxine into the blood stream

A

TSH

44
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

45
Q

what secretes TSH

A

the pituitary gland

46
Q

2 functions of thyroxine

A

to control the rate of metabolism

to control growth and development in young children

47
Q

when is thyroxine really important

A

during growth in young children

48
Q

2 disorders of the thyroid gland

A

deficiency of thyroxine

excess of thyroxine

49
Q

deficiency of thyroxine

A

underachieve thyroid

50
Q

deficiency of thyroxine in children

A

cretinism

51
Q

2 symptoms of cretinism

A

physical and mental development is retarded

52
Q

corrective measures of cretinism

A

take thyroxine tablets

53
Q

deficiency of thyroxine in adults leads to

A

myxoedema

54
Q

3 symptoms of myxoedema

A

tiredness, depression, weight gain

55
Q

corrective measure of myxoedema

A

take thyroxine tablets

56
Q

when too much thyroxine is produces

A

Grave’s disease

57
Q

3 symptoms of Grave’s disease

A

swollen neck, high metabolic rate, weight loss

58
Q

2 corrective measures of Grave’s disease

A

remove part of the thyroid by surgery

kill some thyroid cells using radioactive therapy

59
Q

control of thyroxine is by

A

feedback mechanism

60
Q

feedback mechanism

A

where the production of a hormone stimulates or inhibits the production of itself or another hormone

61
Q

positive feedback

A

stimulates production

62
Q

negative feedback

A

inhibits production

63
Q

when the level of thyroxine in the blood is below the required level

A

the pituitary gland secretes TSH (positive feedback)

64
Q

when the level of thyroxine in the blood is above the required level

A

it inhibits the pituitary gland from secreting TSH (negative feedback)

65
Q

response of nerve

A

fast acting

66
Q

response of hormone

A

slow acting

67
Q

length of response of nerve

A

short lived

68
Q

length of response of hormone

A

long lived

69
Q

transmission of nerve

A

electrical

70
Q

transmission of hormone

A

chemical

71
Q

speed of transmission of nerve

A

rapid

72
Q

speed of transmission of hormone

A

slow (in blood)

73
Q

effect of nerve

A

one area

74
Q

effect of hormone

A

may affect many areas (target organs)

75
Q

5 hormone supplements

A 
insulin 
contraception
HRT
fertility treatment
anabolic steroids
76
Q

what is insulin used for

A

to treat diabetes

77
Q

what secretes insulin

A

pancreas (cells of Langerhans)

78
Q

3 functions of insulin

A

lowers the blood sugar level
stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver
stimulates all cells in body to take up glucose

79
Q

3 symptoms of diabetes

A

high blood sugar
kidneys excrete glucose in urine
weight loss

80
Q

2 ways to control diabetes

A

regular injections of insulin a short time before meals

controlled intake of carbs (small amount at short intervals)

81
Q

contraception

A

prevents egg formation and is used by many women to prevent a pregnancy

82
Q

HRT

A

oestrogen used in the menopause

83
Q

what does oestrogen do/?

A

stimulates bone formation and prevents osteoporosis

84
Q

fertility treatment

A

hormones similar to FSH used in IVF to stimulate egg production

85
Q

anabolic steroids

A

synthetic forms of male sex hormone testosterone

86
Q

what are anabolic steroids used for

A

to promote muscle growth and bone strength

87
Q

3 side effects of anabolic steroids

A

damage to kidneys, liver and heart
shrunken testes and enlarged breasts in males
development of male traits in females

Biology (Mona) (38 decks)

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