Breathing/Gaseous Exchange

Question 1

breathing

Answer 1

physical process of taking in O2 and releasing CO2

Question 2

where does gas exchange occur in plants

Answer 2

via the stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems

Question 3

4 ways in which the lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange

Answer 3

large surface area
large blood supply
thin walls, freely permeable gases
moist absorbing surface

Question 4

where are the lungs found

Answer 4

in the thoracic cavity

Question 5

what protects the thoracic cavity

Answer 5

the ribcage

Question 6

what are the lungs surrounded by

Answer 6

pleural cavity lined with pleural membranes

Question 7

function of pleural membranes

Answer 7

secrete fluid which lubricates the lungs and thorax, allowing friction-free movement during breathing

Question 8

cilia

Answer 8

tiny hairs to move mucus

Question 9

mucus function 2

Answer 9

filters the air removing dust and bacteria

moistens the air

Question 10

other function of nose

Answer 10

heats air to 37ºC

Question 11

function of epiglottis

Answer 11

prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 12

larynx

Answer 12

voice box

Question 13

location of voice box

Answer 13

sits at the top of trachea

Question 14

bronchi and bronchioles have (3)

Answer 14

mucus
cilia
c-shaped rings of cartilage

Question 15

c-shaped rings of cartilage

Answer 15

to keep the tubes open when the air pressure drops during breathing

Question 16

5 adaptions of alveoli for gas exchange

Answer 16

thin, elastic walls
large surface area
moist surface 
large blood supply
well ventilated

Question 17

thin elastic walls

Answer 17

one cell thick, fully permeable to gases

Question 18

large surface area

Answer 18

good exchange of gases

Question 19

moist surface

Answer 19

O2 goes into solution and diffuses in easily

Question 20

large blood supply

Answer 20

lots of capillaries in close contact, gases only have to diffuse a short distance

Question 21

well ventilated

Answer 21

air is moved in and out quickly

Question 22

Inhaled air oxygen

Answer 22

21%

Question 23

exhaled air oxygen

Answer 23

14%

Question 24

inhaled CO2

Answer 24

0.03%

Question 25

exhaled CO2

Answer 25

4%

Question 26

inhaled H2O

Answer 26

low

Question 27

exhaled H2O

Answer 27

high

Question 28

inhaled nitrogen

Answer 28

78%

Question 29

exhaled nitrogen

Answer 29

76%

Question 30

the active phase

Answer 30

inhalation as it involves muscle contraction

Question 31

inhalation first step

Answer 31

intercostal muscles contract and move the rib cage up and out

Question 32

inhalation second step

Answer 32

diaphragm contracts and drops down (flattens)

Question 33

volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

pressure of thoracic cavity during inhalation

Answer 34

decreases

Question 35

inhalation due to pressure

Answer 35

air flows into lungs

Question 36

exhalation first step

Answer 36

intercostal muscles relax, so that the rib-cage goes down and in

Question 37

exhalation second step

Answer 37

diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome shaped

Question 38

volume of thorax during exhalation

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

pressure of thorax during exhalation

Answer 39

increases

Question 40

exhalation due to pressure

Answer 40

air is forced out of lungs

Question 41

rate of breathing controlled by

Answer 41

CO2 levels in the blood

Question 42

normal breathing movements

Answer 42

14-16 breaths per minute

Question 43

what in the brain controls the breathing

Answer 43

the medulla oblongata

Question 44

when CO2 level increases

Answer 44

nerve impulses sent to increase rate and depth of breaths

Question 45

TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE BREATHING RATE OF A HUMAN what do you do

Answer 45

count breaths per minute

Question 46

TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE BREATHING RATE OF A HUMAN different rates

Answer 46

resting walk gently walk briskly run

Question 47

breathing disorder

Answer 47

asthma

Question 48

3 symptoms of asthma

Answer 48

noisy, wheezy breathing, cough

Question 49

cause of asthma

Answer 49

constriction of the lower bronchioles | inhalation of substances that act as allergens such as pollen, feather, dust, moulds

Question 50

asthma attack

Answer 50

when the bronchioles become narrow and inflamed and the flow of air is obstructed

Question 51

prevention of asthma

Answer 51

avoid the allergens that cause an attack

Question 52

treatment of asthma

Answer 52

inhaling drugs to dilate the bronchioles