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Biology (Mona) > Breathing/Gaseous Exchange > Flashcards

Breathing/Gaseous Exchange Flashcards

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1
Q

breathing

A

physical process of taking in O2 and releasing CO2

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2
Q

where does gas exchange occur in plants

A

via the stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems

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3
Q

4 ways in which the lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange

A

large surface area
large blood supply
thin walls, freely permeable gases
moist absorbing surface

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4
Q

where are the lungs found

A

in the thoracic cavity

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5
Q

what protects the thoracic cavity

A

the ribcage

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6
Q

what are the lungs surrounded by

A

pleural cavity lined with pleural membranes

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7
Q

function of pleural membranes

A

secrete fluid which lubricates the lungs and thorax, allowing friction-free movement during breathing

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8
Q

cilia

A

tiny hairs to move mucus

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9
Q

mucus function 2

A

filters the air removing dust and bacteria

moistens the air

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10
Q

other function of nose

A

heats air to 37ºC

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11
Q

function of epiglottis

A

prevents food from entering the trachea

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12
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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13
Q

location of voice box

A

sits at the top of trachea

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14
Q

bronchi and bronchioles have (3)

A

mucus
cilia
c-shaped rings of cartilage

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15
Q

c-shaped rings of cartilage

A

to keep the tubes open when the air pressure drops during breathing

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16
Q

5 adaptions of alveoli for gas exchange

A 
thin, elastic walls
large surface area
moist surface 
large blood supply
well ventilated
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17
Q

thin elastic walls

A

one cell thick, fully permeable to gases

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18
Q

large surface area

A

good exchange of gases

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19
Q

moist surface

A

O2 goes into solution and diffuses in easily

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20
Q

large blood supply

A

lots of capillaries in close contact, gases only have to diffuse a short distance

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21
Q

well ventilated

A

air is moved in and out quickly

22
Q

Inhaled air oxygen

A

21%

23
Q

exhaled air oxygen

A

14%

24
Q

inhaled CO2

A

0.03%

25
Q

exhaled CO2

A

4%

26
Q

inhaled H2O

A

low

27
Q

exhaled H2O

A

high

28
Q

inhaled nitrogen

A

78%

29
Q

exhaled nitrogen

A

76%

30
Q

the active phase

A

inhalation as it involves muscle contraction

31
Q

inhalation first step

A

intercostal muscles contract and move the rib cage up and out

32
Q

inhalation second step

A

diaphragm contracts and drops down (flattens)

33
Q

volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

A

increases

34
Q

pressure of thoracic cavity during inhalation

A

decreases

35
Q

inhalation due to pressure

A

air flows into lungs

36
Q

exhalation first step

A

intercostal muscles relax, so that the rib-cage goes down and in

37
Q

exhalation second step

A

diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome shaped

38
Q

volume of thorax during exhalation

A

decreases

39
Q

pressure of thorax during exhalation

A

increases

40
Q

exhalation due to pressure

A

air is forced out of lungs

41
Q

rate of breathing controlled by

A

CO2 levels in the blood

42
Q

normal breathing movements

A

14-16 breaths per minute

43
Q

what in the brain controls the breathing

A

the medulla oblongata

44
Q

when CO2 level increases

A

nerve impulses sent to increase rate and depth of breaths

45
Q

TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE BREATHING RATE OF A HUMAN
what do you do

A

count breaths per minute

46
Q

TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE BREATHING RATE OF A HUMAN
different rates

A

resting
walk gently
walk briskly
run

47
Q

breathing disorder

A

asthma

48
Q

3 symptoms of asthma

A

noisy, wheezy breathing, cough

49
Q

cause of asthma

A

constriction of the lower bronchioles

inhalation of substances that act as allergens such as pollen, feather, dust, moulds

50
Q

asthma attack

A

when the bronchioles become narrow and inflamed and the flow of air is obstructed

51
Q

prevention of asthma

A

avoid the allergens that cause an attack

52
Q

treatment of asthma

A

inhaling drugs to dilate the bronchioles

Biology (Mona) (38 decks)

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