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Biology (Mona) > Cell Diversity > Flashcards

Cell Diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does cell differentiation lead to?

A

greater efficiency

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2
Q

why does cell differenciation lead to greater efficacy

A

because cells are specialised in structure to perform specific functions

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3
Q

what is the name for the fact that cells are specialised in structure to perform specific functions

A

‘division of labour’

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4
Q

Tissue definition

A

a group of similar cells with the same functions

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5
Q

4 main types of tissues in plants

A

dermal
vascular
ground
meristematic

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6
Q

1 example of dermal tissue

A

epidermis

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7
Q

2 examples of vascular tissue

A

xylem, phloem

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8
Q

2 examples of ground tissue

A

cells inside a leaf

cortex in a stem

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9
Q

an example of meristematic tissue

A

cells in root tip that divide by mitosis

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10
Q

4 main types of animal tissue

A

epithelial
connective
nervous
muscular

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11
Q

1 example of epithelial tissue

A

epidermis of skin

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12
Q

2 examples of connective tissue

A

blood

bone

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13
Q

organ definition

A

a group of different tissues that work together for a particular function

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14
Q

7 plant organs

A 
root
stem
leaf
bud
flower
fruit
seed
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15
Q

6 animal organs

A 
skin 
stomach
liver 
brain
kidney
heart
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16
Q

organ system definition

A

a number of organs working together to carry out particular function(s)

17
Q

2 organ systems in plants

A

root system

shoot system

18
Q

2 organ systems in animals

A

digestive

circulatory

19
Q

*** tissue culture definition

A

the growth of cells in an artificial sterile nutrient medium in the laboratory

20
Q

in vitro

A

in glass

cells grown in a laboratory in glassware or bioreactor under carefully controlled conditions

21
Q

6 necessary conditions for tissue culture

A 
oxygen
necessary nutrients 
growth factors and hormones
optimum pH
optimum temperature
sterile conditions
22
Q

4 uses of tissue culture

A

micropropagation of plants
cancer research
transplant surgert
production of hormones, antibodies, enzymes

23
Q

3 steps in the method of micropropagation

A

the plant is cut into many small pieces
the pieces are grown in a nutrient medium to form clumps of identical cells
each clump forms an embryo that will grow into a plant

24
Q

2 advantages of micropropagation

A

large number of plants produced quickly

all plants are genetically identical

25
Q

explain tissue culturing as cancer research

A

cancerous cells can be grown in a culture medium so that researchers can get information about their structure and activity. This may lead to the development of ways to treat and prevent cancer

26
Q

growth of tissue for transplanting

A

eg.human skin

Biology (Mona) (38 decks)

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