Cell Diversity Flashcards
what does cell differentiation lead to?
greater efficiency
why does cell differenciation lead to greater efficacy
because cells are specialised in structure to perform specific functions
what is the name for the fact that cells are specialised in structure to perform specific functions
‘division of labour’
Tissue definition
a group of similar cells with the same functions
4 main types of tissues in plants
dermal
vascular
ground
meristematic
1 example of dermal tissue
epidermis
2 examples of vascular tissue
xylem, phloem
2 examples of ground tissue
cells inside a leaf
cortex in a stem
an example of meristematic tissue
cells in root tip that divide by mitosis
4 main types of animal tissue
epithelial
connective
nervous
muscular
1 example of epithelial tissue
epidermis of skin
2 examples of connective tissue
blood
bone
organ definition
a group of different tissues that work together for a particular function
7 plant organs
root stem leaf bud flower fruit seed
6 animal organs
skin stomach liver brain kidney heart
organ system definition
a number of organs working together to carry out particular function(s)
2 organ systems in plants
root system
shoot system
2 organ systems in animals
digestive
circulatory
*** tissue culture definition
the growth of cells in an artificial sterile nutrient medium in the laboratory
in vitro
in glass
cells grown in a laboratory in glassware or bioreactor under carefully controlled conditions
6 necessary conditions for tissue culture
oxygen necessary nutrients growth factors and hormones optimum pH optimum temperature sterile conditions
4 uses of tissue culture
micropropagation of plants
cancer research
transplant surgert
production of hormones, antibodies, enzymes
3 steps in the method of micropropagation
the plant is cut into many small pieces
the pieces are grown in a nutrient medium to form clumps of identical cells
each clump forms an embryo that will grow into a plant
2 advantages of micropropagation
large number of plants produced quickly
all plants are genetically identical
explain tissue culturing as cancer research
cancerous cells can be grown in a culture medium so that researchers can get information about their structure and activity. This may lead to the development of ways to treat and prevent cancer
growth of tissue for transplanting
eg.human skin
