Evolution

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

A process of inheritable change within a species or population, over long periods of time

Question 2

what does evolution lead to?

Answer 2

the formation of new species from those that already exist

Question 3

what may bring on evolution?

Answer 3

by natural selection in response to a change in the environment

Question 4

Darwin’s theory

Answer 4

theory of natural selection

Question 5

first person to put forward the fact that evolution occurs

Answer 5

Darwin

Question 6

How did Darwin come up with his theory

Answer 6

he said that species have not remained unchanged, but have evolved from pre-existing species by process of gradual change

Question 7

why did Darwin say we should study this?

Answer 7

he said that if species have arisen by gradual change, then it should be possible to learn something about their ancestry from the structural similarities and differences between them from their embryology and fossil records

Question 8

during Darwin’s voyage, what did he conclude

Answer 8

plant and animal species have arisen from one another by a process of slow and gradual change over many years, brought about by natural selection

Question 9

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

reproduction

Answer 9

species have a fast reproductive rate, producing large numbers of offspring

Question 10

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

population

Answer 10

however the numbers in a population remain more or less constant over long periods of time

Question 11

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

competition

Answer 11

competition for limited resources between members of a population
low number of offspring survive

Question 12

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

variations

Answer 12

variations are found among the members of a population

many are inheritable

Question 13

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

suitability

Answer 13

the offspring with variations that make them more suited to the environment have a better chance of surviving
they reproduce and pass on the favourable variations

Question 14

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

less suited

Answer 14

the offspring that are less well suited to their environment die before reproducing

Question 15

DARWIN AND WALLACE’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

repeated

Answer 15

repeated generation after generation

favourable adaptions are selected to survive and reproduce

Question 16

species

Answer 16

group of similar organisms that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Question 17

all the genes of a population make up the

Answer 17

genepool

Question 18

2 factors that bring about evolution

Answer 18

variation

natural selection

Question 19

what does genetic variation give rise to?

Answer 19

differences in the genotype and phenotype

Question 20

3 causes of genetic mutation

Answer 20

meiosis
sexual reproduction
mutation

Question 21

meiosis as a cause of genetic mutation

Answer 21

gives different gene combinations in gametes

Question 22

sexual reproduction as a cause of genetic mutation

Answer 22

gives rise to new combinations of parental genes in the zygote

Question 23

mutation as a cause of genetic mutation

Answer 23

gives rise to allelic genes or changes in structure or number of chromosomes

Question 24

natural selection leads to constancy as long as

Answer 24

as long as the environment doesn’t change and the species adapted to it

Question 25

if the environment changes

Answer 25

natural selection promotes the emergence of new forms

Question 26

3 examples of natural selection

Answer 26

peppered moth of manchester
bacterial strains resistant to Penicillin
flies resistant to DDT

Question 27

2 sources of evidence for evolution

Answer 27

comparative anatomy *

comparative embryology

Question 28

comparative anatomy

Answer 28

the study of evolution based on structural similarities and differences between different organisms

Question 29

1 example of comparative anatomy in animals

Answer 29

the pentadactyl limb

Question 30

the pentadactyl limb of a human

Answer 30

hand for grasping

Question 31

the pentadactyl limb of a bat

Answer 31

wing for flying

Question 32

the pentadactyl limb of a whale

Answer 32

fin for swimming

Question 33

structures with a common basic plan

Answer 33

homologous structures

Question 34

example of adapted radiation

Answer 34

homologous structures that are adapted to different environments and ways of life

Question 35

comparative embryology

Answer 35

even though animals as adults have very different features, they may have many similarities in the early embryos

Question 36

write a note on genetic variation (L.C)

Answer 36

differences between individuals of the same species
arising from change in genes
caused by e.g meiosis
if passed on to next generation, may be the basis of evolution

Question 37

write a note on natural selection (L.C)

Answer 37

mechanism of evolution
best adapted individuals survive
produces more offspring
survival is related to the environment

Question 38

Describe how studies of comparative anatomy provide evidence for the occurrence of evolution (L.C)

Answer 38

organisms have structures with basic common plan
adapted for different functions
e.g pentadactyl limb
similarities indicate a common ancestor