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Biology (Mona) > The Flowering Plant > Flashcards

The Flowering Plant Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where does growth of the flowering plant able to occur

A

only in certain regions called meristems

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2
Q

meristem

A

region of active mitosis (cell division) in a plant

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3
Q

where are meristems found?

A

in the root tip and shoot tip

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4
Q

what are meristems responsible for?

A

growth in the length of the plant

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5
Q

during plant growth, what happens to meristematic cells?

A

they divide to produce new cells

the cells elongate and then develop into different types of tissues

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6
Q

bottom of young root

A

root cap

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7
Q

what is the root cap made of

A

dead cells to protect the meristem

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8
Q

up from root cap of young root

A

meristem

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9
Q

3 ways the meristem differs from the root cap

A

divides by mitosis
smaler
small vacuole

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10
Q

up from meristem of young root

A

zone of elongation

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11
Q

up from zone of elongation of young root

A

zone of differentiation / root hair zone

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12
Q

what is in the zone of differentiation of young root

A

vascular tissue

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13
Q

4 main types of plant tissue and examples

A

dermal (epidermis)
vascular (xylem, phloem)
ground (cells inside leaf, cortex in stem)
meristematic (cells that divide in root tip and shoot tip)

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14
Q

dermal tissue

A

usually a single layer of cells on the outside part of a plant

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15
Q

2 functions of epidermis

A

protection

prevents loss of water if it is a cuticle

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16
Q

vascular tissue in plants

A

xylem or phloem

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17
Q

vascular =

A

transport

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18
Q

where are xylem and phloem found?

A

in vascular bundles in all parts of a plant

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19
Q

are xylem alive?

A

no they are just complex dead tissue

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20
Q

what do xylem consist of?

A

vessels and tracheids

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21
Q

where are xylem commonly found?

A

in flowering plants eg.buttercup

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22
Q

what are vessels

A

narrow tubes made up of cells joined end-to-end

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23
Q

do the vessel cells have end walls? and what does this do?

A

no, they have a continuous lumen between cells

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24
Q

is there cytoplasm in vessels and why?

A

no, they are hollow for easy flow of water

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25
Q

cell walls of vessels

A

made of lignin to give strength and support

26
Q

what are in the walls of vessels and why ?

A

pits in the walls allow lateral movement of water

27
Q

where are xylem tracheids found

A

in conifers such as pine trees

28
Q

what are tracheids

A

long narrow tubes made up all cells joined end to end

29
Q

walls of tracheids 2

A

lignified and with pits

30
Q

end walls in tracheids 2

A

they have end walls, there are pits in them to allow the passage of water

31
Q

2 functions of xylem

A

transport water and minerals up the plant

give strength and support to the plant (xylem forms woofd)

32
Q

phloem

A

a complex living tissue

33
Q

what does phloem consist of?

A

sieve tubes and companion cells

34
Q

what are sieve tubes?

A

long tubes made by joining sieve elements (cells) end-to end

35
Q

sieve plates 2

A

have pores, allow food to pass through

36
Q

walls of phloem

A

thin and composed of cellulose

37
Q

does a companion cell have a nucleus

A

yes

38
Q

is there cytoplasm in the phloem cell

A

cytoplasm

39
Q

function of phloem

A

transport of food from leaves to rest of plant

40
Q

3 functions of ground tissue between dermal and vascular tissue in stems and roots

A

packing
support
food storage

41
Q

3 functions of dermal tissue inside the leaf

A

photosynthesis
diffusion of gases
food storage

42
Q

5 plant organs

A

root stem leaf bud flower

43
Q

3 functions of ground tissue

A

photosynthesis
support
food storage

44
Q

3 features seen in the transverse section of a dicot root

A

one vascular bundle in the centre
hairs
no leaves or buds

45
Q

3 features seen in the transverse section of a dicot stem

A

many vascular bundles in a ring
no hairs
has leaves and buds

46
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

what do you use to cut

A

a backed blade

47
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

where and how do you cut

A

at right angles to the stem in the internode section

48
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

how thin do you cut?

A

so thin that light can pass through when viewed under the microscope

49
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

1st thing you do

A

cut thin sections of a wet herbaceous stem

50
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

how do you avoid cutting yourself

A

cut away from your hand

51
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

once you have cut

A

cut several sections and place them in a petri dish of water

52
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

making up the slides

A

using a paintbrush take the thinnest sections and place them on a microscope slide in a drop of water

53
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

coverslip

A

place the coverslip at an angle and lower it slowly

54
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

after you have made the slide

A

examine the sections using the microscope

draw labelled diagrams of what is seen

55
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

the carrot

A

a carrot may be used to support a stem while cutting it

56
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

why use fresh herbaceous green plants?

A

they are easy to cut

57
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

why use young stems

A

the various tissues are easier to see in young stems

58
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

why use wet stems?

A

turgid material is easier to cut thinly

59
Q

TO PREPARE AND EXAMINE A TS OF A DICOT STEM

where do you make the cuts

A

at the internode

60
Q

adaptations of xylem as vascular tissue

A

vessels are empty

vessels are open ended

61
Q

adaptations of xylem as support tissue

A

lignified walls

end walls overlap

Biology (Mona) (38 decks)

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