Transplantation Immunology Flashcards
Syngeneic?
Same genetic background
Isograft?
Between genetically identical individual
Reactivity against non self MHC is high up?
10% of T cells
Allogeneic?
Same species, but different genetic background
Autologous means?
Identical individual
Allograft?
To a genetically disparate member of the same species
Autograft?
To another site on the individual
Xenografts is?
Different species
What is the basic method of transplantation?
Warm ischaemia time:
Interruption of organ blood supply and removal
Cold ischaemic time: perfusion with cold preservation solution and put it into recipient
Warm ischaemic time: reconnect blood supply
Repercussion of the graft
Warm and cold ischaemic time induce?
Heat chock protein expression and other stress induced molecules
Reperfusion of ischaemic organ causes?
Reperfusion damage as a result of endothelial activation
Recognising self MHC is. In the order of ?
1/10,000 to 1/100,000
Reactivity to non self MHC is high up to?
10% of T cells
Anaphylatoxins C3a and c5a can cause?
Leukocyte recruitment and T cell allo-responses
Activated endothelial cells can interact with?
P-selection with P selection glycoprotein ligand 1
This will recruit monocytes which will differentiate into cd68 macrophages that infiltrate subendothelial space
Chimerism?
Parallel existence of 2 mutually tolerant immune systems
Which locus are considered when matching?
A, B and DR
Cross matching?
Test in which washed donor cells are incubated in recipient serum, antibody binding is detected
What are advantaged and dis of complement detection
- Detects only complement binding and functional antibodies
2. Less sensitivity risk of false negatives
Staining of antibodies bound to recipient cells disadvantage?
Detects all bound antibodies including non functional one or can be modified to stain complement fixing antibodies only
Higher risk of false positive
Immunosuppresson sites?
Anti CD3 on TCR
Cyclosporin A inhibits calcineurin, inhibition of cytokine synthesis
CTLA-4 igG
Anti-CD154
Azathiprine- inhibits DNA synthesis, so inhibits clonal expansion
Leflunomide
Glucocorticoids- NF-kB
Will you need HLA matching for cadaver if limbs penis etc?
Yes
Complication, yes
Do you need HLA matching for liver?
No
Complications, frequent
