The Lower Limb Flashcards
In lower limbs extensors are?
Anterior and flexors and posterior at week 6-8
In the foetus there are?
Limb buds
Which is the longest bone of the body?
Femur
Iliacus comes?
Iliac fossa
What converts the notches into Foramen?
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament
Between 2 trochanter of femur?
Intertrochanteric line anterior
And intertrochanteric ridge
Hip joint movements?
Flexion Extension Adduction Abduction Medial and lateral rotation
Knee joint movement?
Flexion
Extension
Locking and unlocking
Ankle joint movements?
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Foot joint movements?
Inversion eversion
Extension flexion
Supination and pronation
Medial part of thigh contains?
Adductors of thigh
Leg contains a lateral part which includes?
Everters of the foot
Gluteus maximus helps with?
Extension and lateral rotation
Gluteus medius and minimus helps with?
Abduction and medial rotation
Gluteus maximus origin and insertion?
Origin is ilium and inserts onto gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract- thickening of deep fascia
Nerve- inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion?
Ilium to greater trochanter
Supply by superior gluteal nerve
Small muscle of gluteal region origin and insertion, role?
Origin is sacrum/ ischiopubic ramus
Insert on to greater trochanter
Lateral rotator
Piriformis comes through?
Greater sciatic Foramen
Lateral rotators?
Gemellus superior and inferior
Obturator internus
And quadratus femoris
Anterior compartment?
Quadriceps- extension of leg, flexion of thigh only done by Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis and medialis and intermedius
Sartorius
Quadriceps origin and insertion?
Origin anterior inferior iliac spine and femur
Insert- tibial tuberosity
Sartorius insertion and origin?
Anterior superior iliac spine to tibia
Vasta take origin from?
Linea aspira
Sartorius role?
Hip- laterally rotated and abducted
Knee- flexed
Hamstrings origin, insertion, and action?
Ischial tuberosity to tibia and fibula
Extension of thigh flexion of leg medial and lateral rotation
Hamstrings include?
Biceps femoris, short head originates from femur
Semimembranous
Semitendinous
Posterior compartment supplied by?
Sciatic nerve
Adductors are supplied by which nerve?
Obturator nerve except pectineus and hamstrung part of AM
Inguinal ligament runs from?
Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
The small muscles of gluteal region are supplied by?
Branches from sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve found under?
Piriformis
What are small muscles of gluteal region?
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
What is origin and insertion of adductors?
Pubis/ischium to linea aspira
Adductor part of adductor Magnus origin and insertion?
Ischipubic ramus to linea aspira
Adductor Magnus hamstring part origin and insertion?
Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle
Flexion of thigh happens through?
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Iliopsoas attaches onto?
Lesser trochanter
Nerve supply lumbar and sacral plexus?
Lumbar: L1 to L4
Sacral: L4 and L5, S1-S4
Femoral and obturator nerve both come from?
L2-L4
Sciatic nerve comes from?
L4 to S3
Femoral nerve supplies?
Motor to anterior compartment of thigh
Sensory: skin over anterior thigh, knee and medial side of leg and foot
Saphenous nerve supplies?
Sensory to medial leg and foot
Obturator nerve supplies?
Motor to medial compartment except pectineus and hamstring past of adductor Magnus
Sensory skin over medial thigh
Sciatic nerve supplies?
Motor to posterior compartment of the thigh leg and foot and hamstring part of adductor Magnus
Sensory: skin over leg and foot except medial side
Sciatic nerve divides into?
Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerve, which then divides into superficial fibular and deep fibular
Sural nerve innervates?
Sensory to lateral foot
Femoral artery gives off?
Profunda femoris to posterior thigh
When does femoral artery become popliteal artery?
After the adductor hiatus
The popliteal artery gives off branches to?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Femoral triangle borders formed by?
Medial part of sartorius and adductor longus and inguinal ligament
What isn’t in the femoral sheath?
Femoral nerve
What is the clinical importance of femoral triangle?
Venepuncture, femoral nerve block, angioplasty, femoral hernia (femoral canal)
What does femoral artery run under?
Sartorius
Damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins called?
Varicosities.
Perforating veins connect superficial veins to deep veins
Great saphenous vein drains and drains into?
Medial side of limb and medial side of arch
And then drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle
Short saphenous vein drains and drains into?
Lateral side of arch and pierced deep popliteal fascia and then drains into popliteal vein
