The Lower Limb Flashcards by Zulaikha Yasir

In lower limbs extensors are?

Anterior and flexors and posterior at week 6-8

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In the foetus there are?

Limb buds

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Which is the longest bone of the body?

Femur

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Iliacus comes?

Iliac fossa

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What converts the notches into Foramen?

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

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Between 2 trochanter of femur?

Intertrochanteric line anterior

And intertrochanteric ridge

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Hip joint movements?

Flexion
Extension
Adduction 
Abduction
Medial and lateral rotation

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Knee joint movement?

Flexion
Extension
Locking and unlocking

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Ankle joint movements?

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

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Foot joint movements?

Inversion eversion
Extension flexion
Supination and pronation

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Medial part of thigh contains?

Adductors of thigh

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Leg contains a lateral part which includes?

Everters of the foot

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Gluteus maximus helps with?

Extension and lateral rotation

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Gluteus medius and minimus helps with?

Abduction and medial rotation

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Gluteus maximus origin and insertion?

Origin is ilium and inserts onto gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract- thickening of deep fascia

Nerve- inferior gluteal nerve

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Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion?

Ilium to greater trochanter

Supply by superior gluteal nerve

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Small muscle of gluteal region origin and insertion, role?

Origin is sacrum/ ischiopubic ramus
Insert on to greater trochanter

Lateral rotator

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Piriformis comes through?

Greater sciatic Foramen

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Lateral rotators?

Gemellus superior and inferior
Obturator internus
And quadratus femoris

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Anterior compartment?

Quadriceps- extension of leg, flexion of thigh only done by Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis and medialis and intermedius

Sartorius

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Quadriceps origin and insertion?

Origin anterior inferior iliac spine and femur

Insert- tibial tuberosity

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Sartorius insertion and origin?

Anterior superior iliac spine to tibia

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Vasta take origin from?

Linea aspira

Sartorius role?

Hip- laterally rotated and abducted

Knee- flexed

Hamstrings origin, insertion, and action?

Ischial tuberosity to tibia and fibula | Extension of thigh flexion of leg medial and lateral rotation

Hamstrings include?

Biceps femoris, short head originates from femur Semimembranous Semitendinous

Posterior compartment supplied by?

Sciatic nerve

Adductors are supplied by which nerve?

Obturator nerve except pectineus and hamstrung part of AM

Inguinal ligament runs from?

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

The small muscles of gluteal region are supplied by?

Branches from sacral plexus

Sciatic nerve found under?

Piriformis

What are small muscles of gluteal region?

Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Obturator internus Quadratus femoris

What is origin and insertion of adductors?

Pubis/ischium to linea aspira

Adductor part of adductor Magnus origin and insertion?

Ischipubic ramus to linea aspira

Adductor Magnus hamstring part origin and insertion?

Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle

Flexion of thigh happens through?

Rectus femoris Sartorius Iliopsoas

Iliopsoas attaches onto?

Lesser trochanter

Nerve supply lumbar and sacral plexus?

Lumbar: L1 to L4 Sacral: L4 and L5, S1-S4

Femoral and obturator nerve both come from?

L2-L4

Sciatic nerve comes from?

L4 to S3

Femoral nerve supplies?

Motor to anterior compartment of thigh Sensory: skin over anterior thigh, knee and medial side of leg and foot

Saphenous nerve supplies?

Sensory to medial leg and foot

Obturator nerve supplies?

Motor to medial compartment except pectineus and hamstring past of adductor Magnus Sensory skin over medial thigh

Sciatic nerve supplies?

Motor to posterior compartment of the thigh leg and foot and hamstring part of adductor Magnus Sensory: skin over leg and foot except medial side

Sciatic nerve divides into?

Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerve, which then divides into superficial fibular and deep fibular

Sural nerve innervates?

Sensory to lateral foot

Femoral artery gives off?

Profunda femoris to posterior thigh

When does femoral artery become popliteal artery?

After the adductor hiatus

The popliteal artery gives off branches to?

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Femoral triangle borders formed by?

Medial part of sartorius and adductor longus and inguinal ligament

What isn’t in the femoral sheath?

Femoral nerve

What is the clinical importance of femoral triangle?

Venepuncture, femoral nerve block, angioplasty, femoral hernia (femoral canal)

What does femoral artery run under?

Sartorius

Damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins called?

Varicosities. Perforating veins connect superficial veins to deep veins

Great saphenous vein drains and drains into?

Medial side of limb and medial side of arch And then drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle

Short saphenous vein drains and drains into?

Lateral side of arch and pierced deep popliteal fascia and then drains into popliteal vein